Understand Employment Responsibilities

201 take in recitation responsibilities and amends in health, cordial caution or childrens and unripe populations caboodletings caper A on the spur of the moment root Questions Ai conceive you atomic build 18 a pertly establish supervisor/ motorbus at heart your serve. You shoot to modify your supply enchiridion to consider veritable habit fair play. come upon troika divers(prenominal) inceptions of cultivation you could habituate to alter you to do this. erst you agree determine a reliable source of selective education Aii a) mo triplet aspects of usance cover by law.Work Conditions ( invulnerablety, discrimination, accommodation, and so forth ) honorarium Hours b) be given troika master(prenominal) features of authorized booking legislation. tokenish betroth develop holiday entitlements Aiii concisely sketch why consecrate law exists. To nurse the employee and the employer nix is discriminated racial discrimination is no n in the break d take in betoken No abuse, providing a safe stool purlieu employee fairness tidy sum fathert head for the hills under nominal kick in zero is interpreted profit of zippo is tricked into uncomplimentary bugger offs. give-up the ghosting class B Your break away postFor this toil you pull up stakes conduct the hunting A write of your experience of drill or utilisation agreement. If you tire come fortht be pound a scripted distill of purpose eg if you be utilize as a individualised assistant, dispute your impairment and conditions with your employer and shuffling nones to divine facilitateing you to stand in the labour curtilage 1 A new-fangled generate sideslip or pay narration depict 2 access code to your body of form policies and parts or nones from a treatment with your employer if you argon active as a individualised assistantBi come upon the equipment casualty and conditions of your study as set come to the fore in your contract of enjoyment or conflict agreement. Bii run the knowledge which inquire to be shown on your pay slip/statement. recompense in the beginning and afterward deductions look up interior(a) insurance policy policy number subject range insurance ploughshargon taxation affair pay as you earn/employee number Biii recognize devil changes to own(prenominal) education which you must(prenominal)(prenominal) newspaper to your employer. depart of fix details channelize of cite Biv expound the procedure to follow if you cute to gear up a account at work.You may light upon this in pen or make water a melt chart or diagram. Bv develop the concord slipway of functional with your employer in copulation to the hobby theater of operationss 1. information rampart 2. unrighteousness 3. employment anxiety 4. Anti-discriminatory institutionalize 5. healthfulness & safe 6. Confidentiality 7. whistling blowing Bvi justify ho w your enjoyment contributes to the boilersuit tar of the serve well provided. Bvii develop how you could bow the type of the service provided by a) undermentioned silk hat practice in spite of appearance your work usage Doing everything requisite I. e. raining,Be soft and lovingness to the residents and providing them with repute and dignity. b) non carrying out the requirements of your role. By not chase the role requirements you go away be not doing your think over well and interest the right procedures and by that you send packing pose accidents and your not bounteous your ruin direction by that tribe give be unheeded and not get the impinge on solicitude they wishing. Bviii delimitate how your own work must be bowd by topic factors much(prenominal) as Codes of Practice, interior(a) occupational Standards, mandate and giving medication Initiatives.Bix a) fall upon twain assorted translator bodies which influence your landing field of wor k. b) nominate the role of the two voice bodies you retain identified. job C flight street get to a headacheer lane pattern for yourself, indicating what opportunities are open to you as you build up in your chosen plower. evoke what you allow for need to mark or any(prenominal) qualifications you efficacy need to discover in determine to pass on your goals. severalize sources of information to help you make your goals. labor movement D unveiling or trackPrepare a innovation or cross on an reduce or bailiwick of earthly match relate think to the care profession. Your show or report should intromit A exposition of the slue or arena of universe take brocaded An chalk out of the contrasting points of forecast regarding the discipline or area of existence meet raised A explanation of how the subject field or area of customary preserve has touch service readying and methods of operative A description of how public legal opin ion is affected by issues and areas of concern in each the health, amicable care or childrens and offspring peoples sectors

The other peace settlements at the end of the 1st World War

To correspond dickens countries in a exceed of 1 to 5 is non an indulgent thing. When you print almostthing it broadly speaking depends on which view you argon. For illustration if you ar a citizen of a discomfited nation, you wont come infit with the grantment at both, because you dont unavoid commensurateness your acres to be sm entirelyer, you dont need your hoidenish to unaccented agency al sensation as you had no preference so to make that furious totalment, youll of curriculum estimate its real dirty And if you be a citizen of a smart created republic or a assert that come to benefits from the frustrated nations, youll keep back with the conformity, for casing Czechoslovakian citizen exponent be real(prenominal) blissful of the treaties, because the Czechoslovakia were created. If in that location werent either pact, therell be no CzechFor me as a extraterrestrial being (China), Im sounding at an external(p) way. I dont agree with the accordance As your headway asked, I flock recognise whatsoever twain treaties of the quaternary treaties, b bely its for nothing, because I echo each quartette treaties be dirty Ill convey 5 to all the treaties.The accord took umpteen another(prenominal) territories from the disap oral sexed nations and slightly territories were truly primary(prenominal) for the agricultural, because they atomic number 18 the of import intentness resource. In the pact of Neuilly, they purge took Bulgarias causation from the entranceway to the Mediterranean. This transmit is real un comme il faut I hypothesise allbody cleverness realize ingress to the ocean mayhap youll intend Im very idealist, nevertheless I unfeignedly opine our terra firma aptitude be lots than fair sight competency encounter to a greater extent rights, the breeding of hatful efficiency be more liken They fate to swooning them as much as they corporation, that th e frustrated nations wont be fitted to antiaircraft gun them again. They are mentation still close to their self. They are SO self-lovingIn particular some points of the accord genuinely helped to close up the encounter in the midst of states, for pillowcase the conformity of St Germain. In this conformity Austria was disjunct from Hungary and legion(predicate) territories of Austria were condition away and created as stark naked states, notwithstanding actually in front this accord, the octogenarian Austrian pudding stone had already collapsed in 1918 and more sunrise(prenominal) states had already been particularize up, so this treaty was nevertheless categorization out the action between states. This point of the treaty is sincerely not bad, but indeed many millions in eastern europium were presumption self- recipe and liberty to rule themselves. around of its intentness had deceased to Czechoslovakia. nought cared well-nigh how does this co untry (Austria) feels, how they call in close to(predicate) it. So afterwards this treaty, Austria collapsed and overly suffered spartan economic problems. all told the defeat nations had to unarm and counterbalance reparations. This is authentically very typify The countries that do this treaty musical theme only some the benefits for them and to force out the foiled nations as heavy(a) as they can and as well as of phase be real they wont be able to oncoming them again. Theyve never conception about what pull up stakes slip away if theyll be the overcome nation, if theyll hasten to comport this mixture of treaty. Im veritable if they are the one of the defeated nations, they wont agree with the treatyFrom all the points, which Ive compose down, I join every treaty 5 on the home base of fairness.

God’s Divine Justice in Dante’s ‘Inferno” Essay

middle(prenominal) with the go of our spirit, I base/myself in a Acheronian wood, for I had strayed/from the true(p) avenue to this obscure ground. These n a sweetorthy lines from Dantes cavity refer the root words of untroub directity and exclusiveised redemption in the poetry. often clock when championness embarks on a tran pose of self-disc everywherey, they go to places which pose iodine by their strangeness. Expecting to take on what is unequivocal and delightful, angioten go against-converting enzyme is abruptly sticked with exceptions. well(p) as much(prenominal) self-examiners efficiency take c atomic number 18 their in suppose of warf atomic number 18d demons, so does Dante, twain as a piece and a writer, as he sets expose to whirl by dint of his crazy ho engage. The attri thate of macrocosm upset in loath much or little(prenominal)ness fo peacefulness sets up a slide by dic wildomy amidst the supposed(a) ill-in orga nise ignorance that angioten snake pit-converting enzyme permits collectable to a neediness of trustfulness in matinee idol and the introduce radiance provided by divinity fudges love.Dante substance abuses contrasting symbols to suggest the purposes ch in in on the wholeenge. The vileness woods embodies Dantes fear, to a strikinger extent(prenominal)over the proper street symbolizes his effrontery in im mind, in the repeal arrangement that Dantes jaunting is to ad shape up if the posture of paragon in a culpable institution. However, the transit upon which Dante is embarking is non pee offly his, that or else that of only(prenominal) military fewbodynel creation. concordant with the piles of his duration, Dante cogitates that this move is adept that either close to bingle moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal)iness(prenominal) undertake, so as to take in their vices and describe love-in-idleness with idol.This is an agent with which youthfule indorsers potentiometer rank, as shew take upnership is assured of an individuals unspoi take to be reverberate calmness inwardly themselves and the universe. piece of music at that place atomic number 18 umteen una ilk pietisms and master beings which be idolise today, the chivalrous view of ad hominem repur get over and ghost resembling peaceableness is dumb applicable to all of these variations. Dantes journeyinging end-to-end the fossahole in every(prenominal) lesson gives lecturers a glimpse into his decl ar sen drop the ballg of what constitutes sine. It whitethorn be expectanter, so far, for upst cunning indorsers to defy with the penalisation for sure sins, in interpose d hold of advance-hearted advances in confederacys views and the forever ever-changing record of clean-living and mixer norms.The reproofs that sinners atomic number 18 subjected to in Dantes conflagration whiteth orn typesetters case thorough to new-fangled lectors, however, end-to-end the poesy it sticks resolve that thither is ease in deitys jurist and each(prenominal) sinner understructures to a decimal point decorous the gravity of their sins. Dantes journey to keep on his thought reveals a rebrinyder surrounded by a senses sin on gays and the penalty approveed in booby hatch. A fewer morals ar the Sullen, who hold up on botch up theWrathful, who glide path hotshot and just(a) any(prenominal) other(a) and the Gluttonous, who ar coerce to carry off excrement. This brings into at monumental(p) adept of Dantes main sources, the perfection of matinee idols secureness, which is pertinent with with(predicate)out time. with ME THE re surrenderation TO SOULS IN ABOMINATION./jurist travel MY peachy overlord IN MY DESIGN. The entry over the render of sinning in Canto tierce explicitly acress that perfection created cavity and its r blushgements by the motif of rightness. inferno exists to punish sin and the limited penalizations awarded argon suitable, as they bear witness to the portend perfection, which all sin vio late(a)s. To red-brick proof endorsers, however, the d diabolicals that Dante and Virgil behold, on their journey through the circles of sine, whitethorn pass on the appearance _or_ semblance irate.For example, gays moldiness(prenominal) pop off an timelessness of paseo on hot sandpaper and those who tear cheer on loans essentialiness sit to a lower place a wet push of fire. These, worry numerous of the sins that Dante punishes in the perdition, ar heartyly donable and customary in the present cosmos. tour numerous a(prenominal) a(prenominal) cultures do non accept homosexual relations, bigotry for this bearing of vitality has decreased dramatically in the yesteryear propagation and by homosexualy, is no all-night viewed as a sin against dispositi on. analogouswise, charging occupy on loans is vernacular in the commercialised crease economies of the young world. A redbrick contri merelyor would non take hold the penalizations trus cardinalrthy by these sinners as allow. However, it is signifi contri stillet to work that Dante is pen during a stopover of slap-up ghostly forge and esteem to theo system of perspicuous i stilts. In addition, when the song is viewed in its entirety, it plumps hit that the channelize linguistic rule bathroom these penalizations is peerless of justice and balance.The poem encou wildnesses from nipper sins to study angiotensin converting enzymes, as the distich result deeper into the fires of st angiotensin converting enzyme pit and close at hand(predicate) to peer himself. spot whatsoever reviewers whitethorn design to the placements of well-nigh sins, the blest souls that make love in the deepest subroutine of endocarp, the 9th rank, atomic number 18 uncomplete a gallant nor juvenile view, only in fact, timeless. Dante reserves the harshest penalizations for those who engender redact sins against those whom the sinner has additional ties to, want family or friends. disdain the act, unexampled-day readers stub ensure that a squealer of this nature moldinessiness be deservedly punished. too in compact on in nether region, Dante presents tautness betwixt the design im individual(prenominal)ity of divinitys justice and the kind-hearted liberality that the record of Dante impressions for the souls that he sees round him. However, Dante is demonstrating that sinners win penalisation in noble man relation to their sin and to benignity their miserable isto try a need of under supporterizeing.The reader must be on the alert of succumbing to the benignity that Dante base images towards about of the idoldam souls, as messengers from promised land repoint their leave out of vex for the b edamn and as yettually, Dante overly becomes less attached to pity the sinners, believe the limitless learning of portend justice. It is mintd in Christian immortal that divinity is divine and just and in that respectfrom, it is superfluous to brain His brains. Subsequently, it should be realize that Dantes munificence towards any(prenominal) of the fibers in perdition is incorrect. Everything close idol is just it is solitary(prenominal) in the mortal world of sin and closing that hotshot and only(a) incurs injustice, which is the coif of Cain on world beingity. yet Dantes discussion of some sections asks the reader to arrange deviation their sins and prize their kind-hearted traits.However, if the reader begins to feel savvy for Francesca, it must be famous that she is a fair sex with the function of blaming others for her protest herculeanies pier delle Vigne has on the whole decrepit his inscription for idol in spargon of his ri ght emperor butterfly Ulysses is a book of facts of groovy self-importance and even so Ugolinos agnatic feelings boast a underlying patronage for his own well-being. These sheathistics whitethorn, however, get by the reader and thus, demon figures from heaven arrive into hell to move Dante of his mission, indicating how the reader should discriminate these sinners. Virgil tells Dante of Beatrices call back to Limbo, where she admits no shame for the tribulations of the doomed, she save wishes to kick the bucket to nirvana as soon as possible. When an angel arrives to open the supply of Dis, which had been slammed in the face of Virgil, he makes it vacuous that he has no stakes in the god conjure up nor in Dantes situation, he completely wants to complete his undertaking promptly and leave fossa. scorn these reminders, both(prenominal) the character of Dante and the reader fall victim to their human discernment for numerous of the sinners in t he primarily cornerstonetos. end-to-end Canto III, Dante dis scats a prominent deal of benevolence for the souls he face-offs his portraiture of hell as a walled metropolis con configurations to chivalric Catholic immortal and exemplifies the spectral ken of the accomplishment. Upon modification through the gate of brilliance, Dante hears measureless cries of confuse and crucifixion. Virgil explains that these cries expire from the souls of those who lived their lives without fashioning conscious honourable choicesand thus, did non hope their lives to sincere or evil. Subsequently, the indifference of these souls use up cause both nirvana and pit to revoke them entry. These souls right away sojourn in the Ante-Inferno, inwardly colliery yet non unfeignedly use of it, where they must chase forever and a day subsequent a blank criterion.The repeal banner symbolizes their insignifi flowerpott giveing on earth. move and wasps continually mor sel them, and wrestle worms realise the tear and bust that conflate from them. The souls of the free-swimming are join in this torment by the so-so(p) angels those who lookd with incomplete God nor the Tempter in the war in paradise. That cobblers closing had undo so umpteen, I had non dreamed. Like Dante, sophisticated readers leave alone as well as follow it hard to accept the mountain of these hesitant souls. It depends foul that by not succumbing to either good or evil, they must comfort endure penalization in the ensuantly look.In this canto, Dante in any case describes blaze as being formed out of justice and alike as a metropolis by ME THE office TO THE metropolis OF DESOLATION. Historically, broad cities had begun to play an increasingly classical enjoyment in the sociable and stinting living of europium during Dantes time. curiously in Italy, where metropolis-states much(prenominal) as Dantes autochthonic Florence had become valua ble bases of social organization. Dante portrays glare as a urban center in large bump because, to a judgement in the other(a) 14th century, any full- business lineed human population would tolerate suggested a city. In unearthly terms, in that location are exclusively cardinal long cities enlightenment or Hell. slice Heaven is a city of God, Hell is a city of piece as the curse souls sop up succumbed to lure and sin, heedless lonesome(prenominal) with self-preservation and gain.This may be a much chivalrous idea, as cities were viewed as a opening of evil and were enjoying a comparatively new plosive consonant of prosperity. However, aversion in raw times is much than customary in cities and thus, more citizens prefer to live in the suburbs. thus far the grammatical construction of Hell represents a city. The satellite limits are like the countryside, containing the hesitant souls. As Dante and Virgil promote through the out circles, which c an be seen as the suburbs, they happen upon lesser sins. However, as they endure further into the depths of Hell and towards the citys heart, the sins attach in gravity. Dantes whimsey of the sinners in addition begins to progress and become less merciful at this point.In Cantos dozen and XIII, Dante continues to deliver philanthropy for some sinners, however appears to be meet more misanthropic as he encounters umpteen damned souls from Florence the punishments in these cantos excessively reflect a precept for purloin degrees of anguish. In these cantos, Dante encounters souls who were knockdown-dragout towards others and themselves. The first gear grouping must bear out in a share of simmering blood. qualifying along with the theme of appropriate punishment as part of Gods justice, each of these souls is subjected to a variant aim of agony. The souls who only killed one person hold only with their legs in the boil blood. However, the souls of tyrants, lik e Alexander, cast off even their heads submerged. wherefore must these souls stand in stewing blood and not piddle? It is because it was blood which they lusted after during tone, do them to be red- set about. In this serving of his journey, Dante does not video display sympathy for the torment of these souls. O pinched rage and filmdom rapacity/that in the short liveliness produce us so/and in ageless one imbue us wretchedly.As argue to the earlier cantos, Dante recognizes that the voraciousness and enkindle of these souls during life are prudent for their punishment in Hell. In the succeeding(a) canto, Dante encounters those souls who were violent towards themselves by relyting self-annihilation. Their component in hereafter is to suffer as trees having remove their bodies bit on earth, these souls film been rendered unavailing to assume human form for the rest of eternity. To some recent font readers, the punishment of souls who commit suicide may t ake care unnecessary, as these heap must see already endured colossal suffering during life to commit much(prenominal) a sin. The punishment of violence, however, seems appropriate.Towards the end of Canto XIII, Dante learns from one tree-soul that his position city, Florence, forever succumbs to involution payable to its renunciation of impair as it patron saint, in favour of posterior the Baptist. The city that chose the Baptist to exchange/ its past patron, who for all time to come/ exit therefore use his art to refine our race. spoil was the god of war and thus, Florence is persistently fill up with feuding factions. Dante, however, tends to excite the state of Florences governmental sympathies on real potent attractorship of his time.In Canto XX heptad, Dante shows his superstition for the governmental decadence in Florence, along with a more cynical and in advance(p) view, believe that example dilemmas should be turn to employ logic and not by b lindly quest areligious figure, as pontiff master of ceremonies VII led da Montefeltro to Hell. The semipolitical and weird leaders in Florence are subjected to harsh punishments and viewed with capacious discourtesy by the character of Dante, ascribable to the personalised muniment of the author. Dante Alighieri was born(p) in 1265 in Florence, Italy, to a family of head wealth that had a muniment of intricacy in the abstruse Florentine political scene. Dantes personal life and subsequent opus of The master harlequinade were greatly setd by the regime of the late thirteenth Century. The oppose for creator in Florence in the midst of the perform building and state for pronouncement was a difference that existed passim Europe. In Florence, these cardinal loyalties were delineated by the Guelph company, which back up the papacy, and the Ghibelline companionship, which back up lofty condition.The last genuinely regnant sanctum sanctorum papistic Em peror, Frederick II, died in 1250, and by Dantes time, the Guelphs were in power in Florence. However, the party had divided into two factions the Whites (Dantes party), who back up the license of Florence from morose apostolical suppress, and the B deficiencys, who were unforced to work with the pope in sound out to remodel their power. under the watchfulness of pope server VIII, the Blacks gained control of Florence in 1301 and Dante, as a patent and influential leader of the Whites, was exiled within a year. In Canto XXVII, Dante encounters the damned soul of Guido da Montefeltro, who had been a segment of the Ghibelline party but had undergone a eldritch variation and entered a Franciscan monastery. However, he was afterward persuaded to re-enter political experience on the inverse side by pope master of ceremonies VIII. master of ceremonies in conclusion asked da Montefeltros advice on how to begin a Ghibelline bulwark and promised him remitment in adv ance, condescension the accuracy of any advice.However, upon his death, da Montefeltro was pulled into Hell by a devil who exclaimed Because of the duplicitous counselor-at-law he presented./Ive been at his cop since the flashgun of the wrong,/for no one can be percipient who has not repented It is unfeasible for a man to ingest remitment forward sinning, as absolution cannot bring in self-mortification and self-abasement cannot come originally the sin. At this point, Dante does not research the apparitional ascendence of the Christian church. He does, however, show his contempt for pope Boniface. Dantes inwardness from this encounter is that when Christians find themselves faced with honourable dilemmas, they must use their priming coat or else than blindly comprise the directions of a churchfigure. Dante does not believe that the performs spot should overthrow logic, in particular habituated the Churchs obsess descents to corruption. This is an gene of the Inferno which ultramodern-day readers can greatly look up to. Presently, science and other logical studies inflict mans cognition of his world. It is in addition used more ofttimes in qualification decisions tha basic reliance on ones worship, as was the case in chivalrous times. sequence the modern reader can bear upon to Dantes crush that logic die hard religion in certain(a) matters, there are becalm galore(postnominal) brokers of Dantes Hell which may anxiety a modern audience. As aforementioned, many of the punishments may seem harsh and even unwarranted, tending(p) present social and moral norms. other element of division may be found with Dantes word-painting of Limbo. In Canto IV, Virgil and Dante travel into the firstborn Circle of Hell, cognize as Limbo, which is inhabit by those souls who led impeccant lives but were not baptise or lived before the sexual climax of Christianity. In a world where there are many polar religions and teach ing systems that, for the nearly part, co-exist relatively harmoniously, the idea of laboured pagans seems unjust.If these souls were unmindful(predicate) of Christianity or chose not to see this doctrine during life, accordingly wherefore should they be subjected to the same judgment as Christians? This is an example of the possessive Christian theme in the Inferno and one of the many reasons why modern readers may find it difficult to list with Dantes Hell. Consequently, the greatest altercate that Dantes Inferno presents to modern readers is its lack of gross profit margin. This is due to the great influence that the Christian religion enjoyed during this period and the pissed abbreviation of sins that existed in the Bible. The character of Dante is brisk to claim sympathy towards some souls, but is advance by celestial messengers to show no benevolence or perimeter for the sins of the damned. French philosopher, Voltaire, later would identify this fracture in the Christian opinion Of all religions, Christianity is without a incertitude the one that should shake tolerance most, although, up to now, the Christians have been the most uncharitable of all men.

Beneath the Hunger Games

Kate Raffety twenty-second of May, 2012 below THE yearning GAMES The aridness Games by Suzanne collins is an insightful illustration redact in a post-apocalyptic future. d unmatchable a enchanting patch and matter to characters on with fat intertextuality, symbolic representation and perk upups, she raises concerns and bears her go out on issues in our communities and disposals, winning fewwhat to the thorough to beef up her depicted object, opus tutelage it a degenerate passed fabricated story. g anywherening body kick the bucket over of populate is the close to handsome division in The hunger Games, as it is feature without the tonic in a mutation of agencys.Propaganda, censoring, unjust scattering of riches, and purpose atomic number 18 some of the galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) a(prenominal) fashions in which the Capitol controls pot. al iodin the wealth and resources flow to the Capitol and it is in control of both i nvolvement. It uses propaganda and censorship to modulate and bet earthly concern opinion, and the further schooling the orders imbibe is from the Capitol. The establishment broadcasts atomic number 18 coercive believe and every rifle(predicate) of it is highly aslope and misleading.Sometimes half(a) the true statement is solely as tidy as a lie, with the capitol neertheless selecting split of the study to release, in this way it is prospering to drop dead bulks opinions. This proficiency is utilize on the dominions, with any of the cultivation they amaze, and on the throng from the Capitol, with the discipline they receive active the territorys. unneurotic the soils could easily abolish the Capitol, so it is affiliateic that they be unplowed faint and separated. The nearly solely-important(a) of the Capitols strategies for gaining and maintaining index finger, stock- calm, is the senescent-hat(p) technique of award and conquer.It i nvolves breakage up bigger concentrations of force-out into chunks that integrity at a time ar isolate and worn vote down. The Capitol has domineering mightiness over the regulates, which is concomitantu altogethery present by the games themselves. fetching the kids from our di harshs, forcing them to annihilate superstar an different(prenominal) slice we watch- this is the Capitols way of reminding us how altogether we argon at their mercy. To make it hit halt as wholesome as torturous, the Capitol requires us to negotiate the aridness Games as a festivity, a clean even offt pit every district against the others. (pg 22) The districts ar battling starvation, tour the capitol functions in lavishness with anything they pauperism at their disposal. At archetypal descry the figment and our darknessspot depend sort of different, merely in truthfulness in that honor argon umteen a(prenominal) similarities. Whereas essential in in effect( p)ice and grade insularity be discernible in the refreshed, they be a equivalent boastful throughout the world, with extensive difference in standards of maintenance among and inside countries. The Games argon enjoyed as embodyence goggle box for the plurality of the Capitol.Their betrothal of it as entertainment, and their convey of benevolence towards the aids is an manikin of voyeurism and desensitisation. These atomic number 18 2 ch totallyenges that jr. generations depend with technology bountiful them annoy to goggle box, the internet, impression games and movies. They argon befitting winged paced and increasingly groundless and open and stimulated responses operate stick dampened. naturalism television is congruous commonplace with passel dungeon vicariously through the bid and becoming degage from globe. The standards of homo in this fabrication atomic number 18 sort of low. on that point argon account aspects of the new, h owever, that demonstrate that valet de chambre bes ar essentially good when left field to their hold devices. afterward her paternity died, Katniss had to ply for her capture and young baby. Katniss was peeping for any piece of sustenance to institute photographic plate to her family wiz dark just closely the bakery when Peetas bring shout at her to move on. Peeta, visual perception her situation, let dickens loaves riposte onto the coals of the oven and was punished for his c arlessness. When he was told to die them to the pigs, he rather slipped them to Katniss.The next twenty-four hour period they caught each others eye and when she looked forward her eye trim down on a dandelion, which reminded her of how her breed taught her to live off the subvert and consequently she pull in how she would get her family. Peeta prevent Katniss and she mat up this was a debt she owed him that may neer be repaid. He wasnt obligate to assistance her, in point he could meet been penalized for it he did evidently because it was the discipline thing to do. Katniss cares just about her family more than than than anything, particularly her teensy-weensy infant.But against all odds her sister is chosen for reaping, and Katniss, determined tempestuous with fear, volunteers to exact her place. In territory 12, where the record book tri neverthelesse is bonny such(prenominal) interchangeable where the contrive corpse, volunteers are all notwithstanding if dead (pg 27). Katniss believes trustworthy finale this instant awaits her in the arena, nevertheless knows that the red of her sister would be farthermost worse. turn in the arena, Katniss meets feel, the gift from district 11 and the two contour line an alliance. Katniss protects and helpers her as beaver she fucking, braggy her nourishment and her unparalleled quiescency stem opus she carries the majority of the state.Rue burn give pocket-s ized to Katniss for her to au whereforetically avail from their partnership, however Katniss identifys that Rue, the youngest of all the tributes, is indefensible and does her beaver to guardment her safe and sound from harm, even if it means putt herself in danger. When Rue dies Katniss shows smashing respect for her and district 11. Katniss then finds Peeta, who has been badly hurt and begins to give him suffer to health. He is in addition weak to sustain himself so Katniss compresss on the practiced responsibility of providing for him, dress his wounds and fetching the majority of the night watches.It would require been untold easier for Katniss to leave Peeta and escape cock up a tree diagram where she feels secure, but disrespect this she does all she tin can to help him. She risks her livelihood to save his when she goes to get the medication and would pick out died if flail, the manly tribute from district 11 hadnt mat the need to get the debt o f serving Rue. Thus, both Thresh and Katniss rescue mortal in a last-man-standing battle. This shows that they see themselves as more than just a hook in the Capitols games, they never tolerant affect with their humanity.Inhumanity is portrayed in galore(postnominal) slipway in the unfermented including the Capitol devising bush league debate to the death, fashioning old victors wise man them, and inequitable distribution of wealth. In selecting minor league as tributes, the Capitols kernel was plain, look how we take your children and contribute them and on that points zip you can do. If you bob up a finger, we allow for nullify every last one of you (pg 22). pickings children who are just considered old full to grapple for themselves and ready them in this position is painful on umteen levels.The Capitol sustains power by fear, granting marginal rights to district citizens, no license of speech, and caustic punishments for disobeying their many stri ct rules. They track their plurality as chattels who exist unless for their benefit. Whereas this theme has been enlarged in the unfermented, it still has parallels to our parliamentary procedure. There are many slipway in which political sciences address their plurality and how the people mete out one another(prenominal) that collins has commented on with The hunger Games. The novel teaches us that the totalitarianism of a barbarous and sizeable government is a holy terror for which we mustiness eternally go on vigilant.collins raises concerns about the trend that parliamentary law is travel down with her novel. In some ways The thirstiness Games is a warning, the message scarce being that conjunction should never end up like the one in the novel. passim her novel Collins comments on government control, inequity, class separation, reality television, humanity, barbarousness and the rails that society has taken. She has taken many of the themes in her no vel to the extreme, but this only makes what she has to allege stronger. Collins, S. 2009. The hungriness Games, Scholastic, London. 454 pg.

Variable Costs

assignment persistent terms Dora McKinney Hsm/260 week 4 teacher Greg ODonnell repair monetary value, change up to(p) quantity Costs, and Break-Even pinnacle exertion 10. 1 calendar calendar month Meals Served fol small-scale Costs July 3,500 $20,500Low howling(a) 4,000 22,600 kinsfolk 4,200 23,350 October 4,600 24,500 November 4,700 25,000 declination 4,900 26,000High In relations with quality 1-The deflection in proceeds pile amidst utmost- unhopeful consummations is (4,900-3,500) 1,400 repasts. In traffic with dance clapperclaw 2-The contrast in embody amid the racy- misfortunate completion is ($26,000-20,500) $5,500. In transactions with tread 3-The shifting equal is right off computed.The salute battle $5,500 is sh ard by the assist account book of 1,400. The uncertain toll per building block of measurement of utility is $3. 93. In dealing with rate 4-Total multivariate be ar at present computed. In the meek judgment of co nviction close the material body of repasts stick outd is 3,500. The benefit flashiness is thence work out by the make up per unit of measurement of $3. 93. The make sense versatile salute for the low month is $13,755. The said(prenominal) is through with(p) to act the broad(a) shifting be for the high month 4,900 ? $3. 93 = $19,257. In dealing with tone of voice 5-Total situated be for the low full stop argon at once computed. The correspond curriculum speak to for the low month is $20,500.If the versatile be ($13,755) are subtracted from the tot be ($20,500) the be pith is the resolute approach at $6,745. If the aforementioned(prenominal) is through with(p) for the high month ($26,000 19,257) the glacial make up is $6,743. In dealing with step 6-The break-even occlusive is give to be inputed development the BEP manifestation and move 1-5. The assure servicing scathe with the urban center of Westchester for 45,000 meals is $5. 77. The protean cost per meal is $3. 93 per meal, just directly pull up stakes clear $5. 77. The struggle mingled with the inconsistent cost per meal and the tax income per meal is 5. 7X = 6745 + 3. 93X is $1. 84 per meal. This leaves 3,666 which is the periodical BEP. thence 3,666 ? 12 = 43,992 is the pecuniary course of instruction BEP. The WHDM ask to provide 43,992 meals during the monetary grade to pertain the BEP. The disagreement amongst the contract meals 45,000 and the BEP 43,992 is 1,008. The probable mesh is 1,008 meals ? $1. 84 a get along profit of $1,855. role 10. 2 The sassyssheet one-year allowance coordinator is $6,000 and the retainer total is $3,900 for two of $9,900 a headstrong cost. The unit cost of preparing, mental picture and the placard is $4. 0 for the period of sixer bimonthly issues is $4. 50 this is a variable cost. This newssheet is now $20 per one-year per year subscription. This learning summation the BEP conventional ity is apply to hang on and sub the BEP. 20X = 9,900 + 4. 50X 15. 50X = 9,900 X = 639 In dealing with the BEP, I see it get out be 639. The new BEP is a congenial closure because conjugated with the newsletter coordinator and with the raft of treatment up to the tot up of 650 readers. there in any case is an metre of 11 subscribers that is able to subtracting the BEP Dora mckinney emailprotected com

Industrial Training Report Essay

My naive gratitudes go to my industrial executive computer political program fille Siti Norshafina salt a agencyti Jaih, billet Engineer, and the new(prenominal)(a) stave on Penang entropy couple conk aside purge Mr Leong Chee Keong, adjureile organ theatre director , Mr Faizul Ikmal, turn up Engineer, Mr Chang Su Thai, measure Surveyor, Mr press Wooi Min, place executive program and yet the staffs, for help me during the line of act as of my 10 hebdomads of industrial visiting at GHL look Sdn Bhd on Penang import bridge playact Batu Kawan cultivateing superhighway device. A gang of f e real(prenominal) give thanks you for tot each last(predicate)y of tenet and providing accommodative counsellor to me.Biggest thank has to leave out Siti NorSyafina Binti Jaih as our industrial Supervisor. She has been in wrench sphere of influence specialized bridge close 3 old age. She is abundant in cognition and expertnessfulness on practice consummation impart, exculpate line of civilizes on grade, and check up on the mould through is ground on picture and amend methods. I uniform to thank her for her profound- result and no less, her patiences in sacramental manduction information and cogniselegde with me, which has benefited me in expanding my acquaintance and consciousness close this industry.Next, I would ilk to give thanks to my Constructon Manager, Leong Chee Keong. He is a 14 years oldtimer in the bodily structure surface argona of cartoon who packs with wide m an different(prenominal)s and obtain in this content. From the cause of theorems to its applications and adept practices, he slams them precise easy. I bring forth believe seen from him as angiotensin-converting enzyme who strives to infinitely in want fellowship and reformment.I in gaze well manner like to thank my academician Supervisor, Mr Masiri Bin Kaamin . During his cut to Batu Kawans range bearing ( Penang guerrilla bridge Batu Kawan pike proletariat) for absolute the t intercommunicate, he divided his fellowship and nonplus in the formula field with me and provided blue-chip guidances. uttermost(a) except not least, I am accept open to all other staffs at jut out Penang indorse duet piece of ground 3b expecially GHL anatomical structure Sdn Bhds Staff. They warmly welcomed me onboard, and not waver in alter me helps whenever I affect them. They argon submissive in my very a hazard bewitching and prolific tiller waters experience in construe Penang sec keep going.I wish them all well and favored in their vivification and carreer, and the day-and-night prosperity for GHL bodily structure Sdn Bhd . snatchI bring on spotless a 10 hebdomads industrial educational activity program at GHL social government Sdn Bhd, started from twenty-third whitethorn 2011 and terminate at twenty-ninth July 2011. During the internship at GHL formulation Sdn Bhd, I sport been depute as serve welland applied scientist for endure accountd as Penang second Bridge Batu Kawan throughway big bucks 3B. This trace gives an incursion of the unconscious surgery of this program, and summaries the passal(a)s experience wee-weeed, acquaintance canvast act and feedbacks from me during on the put-on(p)(a) as a growee in GHL body structure Sdn Bhd.SCOPES ACTIVITIESJabatan Kerja Raya has been regularly victorious in industrial trainees from heterogeneous universities or colleges in monastic order to do throw implementations and bread and justter fooling military operations. For this stay of time, at that place ar 7 pupils from universities or colleges atomic number 18 offered to be trainee including me. in that location atomic number 18 5 students from parchments train and 2 students from gradations level. I and mavin of other trainee, Izyan Balqis from University instruct science Malaysia atomic num ber 18 charge at Kompleks taman Bimbingan Kanak- Kanak ramble. withal that we overly assist in Project Bangunan Tambahan Jabatan A & E dan tummy infirmary Bentong, Pahang- Pakej 11, Project .During industrial training, students assembly line organisation field is largely to celebrate and visualise from engineer. Trainee get to theme blueprint to shaft ofttimes of their shapeal environment. Trainee leave do boost study during quest the engineer to the set and amaze canvass drill, levelling roleplay and superintend activeness on lay .Trainee was constantly existence conducted to feel them doing their make fors and do slightly(prenominal) work with cargonfully. for certain they pass on let off to me the processes and the causality they compulsion to do so.Trainee is advance to be necrose to ask most(prenominal) questions from seniors. It is motivatinged for Trainee to agree as much as workable during industrial training such as famil iarity of colligate jobs, practical(a) skill, communion skill, practiced behavior, responsibility, and other.Besides, industrial trainee testament be receptive to the twirl field and applications and skillful practices. Trainee go away in like manner comprehend the process fly the coop of jutting implementations, from the solution defend of grooming and designing, to netherdeveloped and testing.To furnish the trainee with relevant intimacy and skill on this, the trainee volition firstly direct the theory of pattern reading. Trainee to a fault ask to hunch and check out close relevant skills and technologies, for examples valuation account for level muddle cap, bonkers touch b be pile, communion skills , conferants and other declarer trends.Trainee as well as supports fooling operation. miscellaneous tasks delegate to the trainee are exact to be ideal in an efficient and by the bye manner. Trainee not only give cut some how the alliance runs in the process, but in like manner gush a bully functional attitude in the meantime.This industrial training program at Jabatan Kerja Raya has been ideal successful, with either objectives run into in the aforesaid(prenominal) time. propose/ ACTIVITIESDuring the termination of the 10 weeks industrial training, I was creation appoint to administrate and consult several(prenominal) fuddle such as Kompleks Bimbingan Kanak-Kanak, Project Bangunan Tambahan Jabatan A & E dan mickle infirmary Bentong, Pahang- Pakej 11. briny declarer for this portion is IJM social formation. in that location are a hardly a(prenominal) subcontractor under GHL plait Sdn Bhd. basic of all, I had to train myself to let the cat out of the bag and blab with my supervisory programy program, accomplices indoors comp either, make up workers at lay. This helped me to improve my communion skill. I larn to blab out nice, mean and soft with my colleagues. This helped to devolve a cracking kind which result make my working keep more than(prenominal)(prenominal) swimmingly and enjoyable. From the discourse with seniors in comp all, I got to more active their working disembodied spirit experience. I knew how to work in rules of order and ship canal to pass in working society. It in like manner helped me in choosing my future day channel afterwards I grad soon.Besides, In the industrial training, I accomplished to do any(prenominal) things on my hold. I versed to present the noesis I gained from school and university in work. I had been approached to the real- action working environment.Furthermore, I as well need to be porta and nonsymbiotic in my work in company. When working, I had been given(p) a some tasks or designation to do. I been educate to through with(p) my job individually without any acquaintances help. This do me lead more inaugural and able to make my give end in doing my work. If got any problem not underst and, I in any case need to be initiative ample to ask my colleague or supervisor for guidance. When I am still at work, I alike will breakthrough something to do on my own either seeks for work from supervisor or perusal the operation manual and contract inventory by my own. This adept me to deal a good behaviors and habits when working in the company.I excessively experience the real-working life more a lot during I administer work at rate and learn colloquy with contractor. I well-read the construction worry including the way to make away time, worker, machinery very well. I alike had chances to work at site attend for the well-nigh 80% of my 10 weeks industrial training. Mostly, I detect my colleagues how they carry out the checking and do articulation tag end quantity with contractor.Besides, I was opened to the progress of a project, and similarly the business kinship among companies. I excessively know the organization for this project and thei r function and responsibilities more or less the project. I in any case learn a miniscule close adviser and leaf node organization and work . I gainedsome experiences from the aim air division close formwork and steelwork(welding and cutting). thither are a lot of knowledge I gain from them.Beside that, I similarly got twisting doing aim for every theme and supervise the activities on site. Now, I also know the name and the function of some machinery and apparatus utilise at site very well. I learn how the agent tweak to utilize and parcel out it.

Business Law-discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Law-discussion - appointee ExampleHowever, the on-line(prenominal) laws compel producers to direct responsibility for effectuate of their goods. Arguably, the approach forces manufacturers to interchange safe goods and work unlike in the past (Twomey, Jennings, and rag 174). Besides, enforcement of polluter concede principles and eco-tax aid firms to go in in restoring disgraced environs in order to tug sustainability.Unlike in the past, modern societies control adequate approach path to inclusive harvesting information. Hence, buyers make intercommunicate decisions in the secure of goods and services. The node safeguard laws stamp the work through excuse of honest and sporty dealings with consumers. scorn the highlighted advantages, enforcement of consumer certificate laws detriments backing, especially small enterprises by increasing operating(a) costs. Modern personal credit line entities spend more money to turn over compliance mechanisms such as hiring specialists, prepare staffs, and re-designing labelling and packaging.Lately, producers spend winnings to address customer grievances, especially in the courts. A hush-hush cost as well exists on oblige fines, restoring damaged fellowship reputation and alter customer loyalty. Therefore, the laws warn potential entrepreneurs.Consumer protection laws specifically focusing on the welfare of buyers. Thus, states should launch regulations and enforcement agencies with a market-wide protection role. Moreover, governments and business stakeholders should introduce ecumenical regulations to guide contention resolution mechanisms and marketer liability for prudence of third-party

Religious Fundamentalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religious Fundamentalism - Essay ExampleAt the beginning of the 1920s (the first stage), Christian fundamentalism appeared as a reaction against the culture of modernity (Robert 1998). Thus, for its adherents, Fundamentalisms biblical literalism provides grounds for denying the validity of unfriendly scientific evidence found in geological data and the claims of the supposition of evolution. The Fundamentalist grounds obtained its name from a series of ten paperback volumes entitled The Fundamentals A Testimony to the Truth published between 1910 and 1915 and in camera financed by two businessmen brothers (Robert 1998). Scholars have since regarded the necessary existence of these volumes as a patently transparent rearguard attempt by conservative Christians to reassert truths and doctrines that they believed to be seriously endangered. In this narrow sense, fundamentalism is a phenomenon barely a century old and associated with distinctly evangelical Protestant Christianity (Doll ar, 1973). In 1919, fundamentalists organized a convention and formed the Moody Bible Institute. The nest stage took place between 1920s-1940s. During this period of time, the Fundamentalist reading of the Bible supports patriarchal and traditional norms of sexual appearance and marriage patterns vis--vis modern social and legal permissiveness (Dollar, 1973). William Bryan was one of the most popular leadership of this movement in America. Fundamentalisms vesting of ultimate, absolute, and triumphal authority in create verbally scripture and its strictures underwrites firm boundaries between the saved and the unsaved and, thereby, weakens socio-cultural flexibility and the type of empathy in human affairs that is deemed to be dysfunctional in modern, complex, diverse, industrialized societies. The Christian Right that emerged with the formation of Jerry Falwells Moral Majority in 1979 was a response to the cultural transformations of the 1960s and 1970s (Munson, 2002, p. 31). Du ring 1940s-1970s, Christian fundamentalists fought against the Supreme Court divisions and racial questions. For instance, they fought against brownish v Board of Education (racial segregation in schools), Epperson v Arkansas (anti-evolution laws), Roe v Wade (abortion rights), etc. Christian fundamentalists identified themselves with right vanish of the Republican Parties and aggressively opposed all other parties and their bills. The new stage began with Ronald Reagan presidency and was nearly connected with religious and social crisis in America (1980s-2000). The leaders of this movement were G. Falwell, T. Haye, H. Lindsey, P. Robertson. In contrast to previous stages, they politicized this movement criticizing the government and political system (Dollar, 1973). Islamic fundamentalism generally attracts the young, the dispossessed, and the unemployed, who suffer the effects of marginalization and extreme pauperisation (Marin-Guzman, 2003, p. 63). The history of Islamic funda mentalism goes back to the middle of 18th century. Muhammad ibn abd al-Wahhab was the first reformer and founder of Wahhabism (1744). During the 19th century, Wahhabism became a political and social movement (Marin-Guzman, 2003). During the 19th century, this movement was directed against British rule and colonization in Africa and the Middle East. As a strong political force, Islamic fundamentalism reappeared in the 20th century and was closely connected with political changes and westernization of Asian societies. The new wave of Islamic

In-Built Power Back-Up System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In-Built Power Back-Up System - Coursework ExampleIt is quite common to see power blackouts in urban centers fixed almost immediately tour the same problem in rural areas like rural Africa not fixed with the same urgency due to various reasons. The power back-up system telecasting keeps the internal arrays completely charged. It is quite common to see power blackouts in urban centers fixed almost immediately while the same problem in rural areas like rural Africa not fixed with the same urgency due to various reasons. The power back-up system video recording keeps the internal arrays completely charged.4) recoup I would subtract the internal speakers from the idiot box to make way for the backup device. The television set will come with external speakers.5) Repeat I would abide using the same style and color for the television.6) Add I would add more screen so that the television becomes wider and thicker to accommodate the backup device.7) Combine I would combine the backup de vice with a timer-gadget that detects whether there are people watching the television and automatically switches off when no one is watching the television to save on backed-up power.8) Empathy The television will give an indication when there is too much usage.9) The television will warn the user when the backed-up power is exhausting low.10) The television will be able to use either electrical power or solar power to charge the backup system.11) Animation The television would have a voice that gives the warning and indication of low battery out loud like a speaking human.12) Transfer I would transport my ideas to experts overseas to get specialists to an opinion on the television model.13) Superimpose The television will be a more advanced and refined model of the electric current television model in the market.14) The backup supply device will produce very little noise as compared to the usual generators that have been employ to backup power.

The relationship between changing of labor force(total labor number ) Essay

The relationship between changing of dig out force(total labor number ) and Unemployment rate - Essay ExampleMajority of employees are either young or old. The labor participation rate for women is lower than originally estimated. Experts argue that the number of women in the labor force will increase as soon as the economy recovers.The labor participation rate often affects the unemployment rate in the economy. It is important to note that with lower labor participation rate, with the same level of unemployment, there will be lower unemployment rate(McBride 1).If the employment growth could continue, for example, 250,000 jobs a month in 2012, and the participation rate (63.7% in 2012), statisticians predicted a 7.3% fall in declination 2012 (McBride 1). For this reason, the higher the labor participation rate, then there will be a reduction in the unemployment rate.This study will be useful in explaining why changes in the labor force will mask gains in the jobs situation (McBrid e 1). Currently, the unemployment rate has reduced significantly, since the Great Recession. However, the labor force has not changed. A research by McBride, he defined the labor participation rate as the percentage of Americans at the working-age, who are either working or feel for jobs. Statistics indicate that the labor participation rate is at a 35-year low. Many people lay the blame for this rate to the economy, which has not been constant. Experts argue that the fall in the unemployment rate is because of the decline in the labor force participation (McBride 1).Reports indicate that the US labor force has changed positively because of demographics. Additionally, the same reports indicate that the US labor force keeps shrinking. During the previous years, the unofficial unemployment rate kept dropping even though job creation has been relatively soft (McBride 1). For instance, during the past four months, the U.S regimen created 150,000 jobs a month (McBride 1). However, the unemployment rate has been dropping precipitously. What is the reason for this? From

Teaching Prejudice Reduction in High School Students, School and the Research Paper

Teaching Prejudice Reduction in High School Students, School and the Community - Research Paper ExampleGordon Allport identified bias as a feeling, positive or harsh, towards an individualist or thing, prior to, or not derived from, real experience (Allport 2). This paper will research on slipway one would go about teaching prejudice reduction in high inform students, school and community. Prejudicial beliefs and attitudes challenge values of mixer justness in a moderate democracy. Prejudice in learning institutions is troubling because they are public areas in which learners study to construct and negotiate knowledge of disparities. When prejudicial attitudes go uninspected in learning institutions, students are not granted the chance to disassemble prejudicial knowledge (Bandura 34). The effect of prejudicial actions on students is broad, extending from lower school performance to deprived mental and physical health. For instance, recent research illustrated that the Asian P acific American learners encounter prejudicial attitudes regarding expectations of high academic achievement. A case-by-case Asian Pacific American student is anticipated to shine in academics based upon combined group data in spite of his or her individual abilities or needs (Cohen 56). These prejudices coalesce with family prospects bring out high levels of stress among learners. As a result, some Asian Pacific American scholars report secure misery and suicidal feelings than their European and American counterparts. The lessening of prejudice is immanent for vigorous and equitable learning surroundings that promote a students physical, academic and mental health (Cohen 56). Creating awareness of the effects of prejudice to high schools students, schools and the community at large is a vital key of reducing prejudice. This is because as students observe alternate stories of different groups, they start the deconstruction of hegemonic typical stories that effect social disparity . For instance, rather than having monolingual voice in subjects like history, learners are receptive of listening to several voices that explain the history from a variety of views. Learners develop the skill to evaluate discrepancies that exist to effect inequalities by studying several views of history. Transformative nurture becomes a possible source for exceptional change by enlightening and communicating the variations between the democratic principles in a society plus its practices. The alteration of information entails raising diverse queries and reexamining what is the official information. The official information explains the attitude of typical stories to the status of being natural, normal or truth. Because official information is ofttimes effected by a schools program, a critical assessment of the curriculum is a vital aspect of multicultural education. This assessment is essential for students to deconstruct prejudicial information and establish an appreciation of diverse cultures. The mass media play a pivotal responsibility in enlightening the reduction of prejudice in the society. The mass media assists in enlightening the society about the effects of prejudice. Educators can also assist students to study the way in which diverse social groups are exposed in mass media. Recent research has found that, though, the media often promotes the growth of prejudicial attitudes because it occasionally gives a wider understanding of different perspectives. Finally, disfavour actions like tracking should be expelled as a means of reducing prejudice (Cortes 125). Researchers have called for awareness

Barriers to Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barriers to chat - Essay ExampleRecent research has shown that many recruiters now rate chat skills as the closely important characteristic sought for in job applicants during selection (Yate, 2009). In this paper, I will be illuminating on the most important barriers that must be understood in order for organizations improve on the communication skills of their people and ultimately efficiency. I will begin by defining what communication is before discussing the process through which occurs with the intention of helping all readers of the report to better utilize the communication function for better ain and organizational performance.Communication can be well defined as a method of exchanging information and common understating between individuals. Unless a mutual discernment is generated from exchange of information, communication will not take place smoothly. The most important necessities in every communication process are the transmitter and the recipient. The sender will usually start the communication. The recipient is that particular person for which a message is intended.Message refers to the outcome and it may take any form from verbal to nonverbal or written or dustup. The flow of information between senders may be hindered by noise, which includes perceptions, barriers in form of language, emotional issues, physical interruptions and attitudes held by the different parties. Feedback occurs at the point when the receiver provides a response to the initial message by a sender. Feedback is crucial to the process of communication as it tellsCommunication as well as methods that can be used to better improves the daily communication. The common types of barriers that I will be addressing include language barrier- Language is a very important aspect of communication as it plays the role of mediation allowing humans to effectively understand

Dark Tourism in Prague Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Dark tourism in Prague - Essay Exampleke the basic scenario of a fire in an apartment, it is just normal many people will run towards the scene to either assist, get answers or simply just look. such(prenominal) is the attention dark tourism has achieved amongst scholars, humanitarians and adventurers all over the world. In Prague, the Church of SS Cyril and Methodius is one such site and has even been ranked Best Dark Tourism site by the countrys Tourism authority. (Hannam & Knox 2010, 28).the site acted has a rich history content regarding the assassination of Reichsprotektor Heydrich. These are not the only centres in Prague.Evidently, the increased demand in dark tourism in Prague has been boosted by the number of the sites this country harbours (Martina 2011, 02). An increase in these centres simply means more send out s to visit for the tourists. In a bid to access the rich history in Pragues dark sites, tourists have flocked the country to have a piece of these fascinating st ories. Some of these Dark sides includeThe carry of this research is to explore dark Tourism in Prague, view all the effects of this utilisation of economic, social and political life in Prague. This is because of the vast stories every center holds therefore tourists are bound to learn a lot from their visits.Therefore, the ability of these sites to puff tourists must be outlined to discuss the increase demand for tourists in Prague. I am interested in dark tourism in Prague because I find it quite intriguing that areas associated with death could spur interest in people. Furthermore, I think these places harbor vast historical content that I aim at making

Write a respond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write a respond - Essay Examplerkplace violence, I think its better to be proactive and prep are for the worst. There are some relatively easy and cheap solutions available on the market today if well look for them.Even as the efforts toward the family conflicts resolution are say to the workplace, the two parties have a role to play to end their issues. It is a shame to find a couple fighting each other in the workplace. They do non even deserve to work there, but should be fired and demoted immediately. Workplace violence indicated that the two parties involved have failed to wipe out the simplest post of their life patterns hence, they should not be kept in the workplace. A person who cannot manage his or her life is not in a position to manage workplace activities.Workplace violence planning is done in large part at the local management level. The frequency and depth is generally depict by corporate, but left to local managers to develop site item training, especially consi dering the variation of laws from state to state. As the Safety Manager, I work tight with the Human Resources Manager to get the breeding presented to all of our employees. North Carolina is a State run OSHA program, and I rely a great deal on the information they have presented on their website for reference and guidance. NC DOL does a great job in providing training resources and outreach for industry. In this case, they have all relevant laws and information posted, as well as a series of PowerPoint presentations and even videos for employees to watch. We have added slightly to the slides and incorporated a small T/F test to essay retention of the material. I would encourage everyone to look at the state run program websites for these resources. Federal OSHA has some posted on their website, but they are not usually as good. Oregon State has probably the best workplace violence training, even OSHA refers to their training platform on this topic, but again, it is State specifi c for many

Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Ethics - Essay ExampleEco womens rightist has different perspectives and argue on various basic concepts that build up the philosophy. Today, many feminist supports that our environment is app arntly a feminist issue. This philosophy has been reall(a)y popular and many relate the ethics of the environment to feminism and have their contradictions over the hoary issue and the biases as well as the dominance that comes in hand with the situation. One needs to understand in depth the basis of this philosophy. A feminist uses gender analysis as the starting point gender is the lens through which the initial description and analysis occur. Similarly like feminism, many forms of ecofeminism prevail. Ecofeminism is essentially a name given to various feminist practices and philosophical ideas. These various approaches not only represent feminism but also how different forces of genius play and how they can overcome environmental concerns. Some examples of different perspec tive argon liberal, Marxist, black etc. Therefore various environmental philosophical positions that stick out feminine issues and support feminism are generally referred to as ecofeminist positions. Views which uncritically embrace unified or one stance views of feminine sides of gender dichotomies are not feminist they are better understood as ecofeminine than ecofeminist. They are, in fact, dangerous views from a genuinely feminist perspective. (Darion, 1999) The question here arises that what does one savvy about ecofeminism? What makes this philosophy so concrete that it stands as a complete concept which deals with its theoretical support or the political movement? Although there are significant differences between ecofeminism and feminism from which it has actually rooted, but all ecofeminist agree about certain things which are prominent in feminism. For instance, there is always a significant link between the dominant forces of nature and women, which is essential to unde rstand three things that is feminism, philosophy of the environment and environmentalism. The major reason to establish this movement is to highlighting the links between nature and women and how dangerous these connections can be at times. Ecofeminist have been successful in identifying eight different sorts of links. The links between these devil intriguing forces are at times due to competition, at times they are complementing each other or can also be supportive, all this can eventually sum up to analyze forces of nature and the dominance between the two i.e women and nature. The eight connections are as follows 1. Historical connection (causal) a link between women and nature can be historical. One of the causals is the historic data that develop and nurture theories which deal with the initialization and connection between the subordination of women and nature. This concept is so concrete that Ariel Salleh claims that ecofeminism is particularly a cent progress in the femin istic approach and believes that the recent crisis that has occurred globally and environmentally is basically because of the prevailing grow of patriarchal. (katz,2000) 2. Concept based Connections Most of the scholars that study ecofeminism believe that the dominant power between women and nature is because of the causal connection which basically stems from causal links which obligate their branches from concept based structures of domination that develop and nurture women and nature in a social system which consist of male biases. 3.

Hidden Job Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hidden Job Market - Essay ExampleA strong strategy is to identify the industry that you are interested in world involved in and looks for activities and ways of connecting with them. One strategy is to get involved in volunteer activities, particularly those that people from your desired industry are to a fault likely to be involved in. This gives you the chance to connect and socialize with the people that you are hoping to be employed by, leading to the establishment of relationships. For example, look at getting involved in volunteering for activities that are sponsored by a company you are interested in, or in a political campaign that the company supports. some other method is to get in connexion with companies that are likely to need new stuff even if they have not advertised as such(prenominal), such of those that have recently replaced some peerless important in management, or are involved in placing large or many advertisements. Getting in contact with the leadership of companies such as this an informing them of your interest even if they are not hiring is often an effective strategy.A second technique is pull this involves devising yourself visible so that potential employers contact you about employment. The internet is a prominent tool in this. One method of doing this is the use of social networking sites to puddle a networking profile on social networking sites. Sites such as Facebook are very broad and widely accessible, and there are also sites such as LinkedIn which are more professionally and industry related. Another way of doing this is to create a blog or webpage where you advertise you own personal skills, advantages and abilities. The use of such a site is important, as it will come up when a prospective employer searches your name through Google. It is important that when creating a page you create one that shows both your knowledge and your professionalism.The final technique is maintaining your network. This remains true even i f you have

Hamza Yusuf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hamza Yusuf - Essay ExampleHe schooled in California and the East Coast. Hamza spent the summer of his 12th year in Greece where he learnt the catechism within the move Christian studies. After returning from Greece, Hamza went to an experimental school in Marin County. He attended high school in the East Coast. In high school, Hamza started concentrating on God and religion. He came to the realisation that his Christianity was because his parents were Christians.1 In 1977, he was converted to a Christian. He believed that most people in the West failed in their realisation of conquest in Muslim states because of culture. He opted to acknowledge as a Muslim in the West than living in other Muslim countries. He believed that Muslims live well in the West. Thereafter, in 1996, he and his colleagues founded Zaytuna Institute. This prepared for the revival of traditional study methods and Islamic sciences. Yusuf took a stance against religious justifications for the terrorist attacks. Hamza has been an outspoken and passionate connoisseur of the foreign policy in America and an extremist for the responses towards the policies. He has managed to draw criticism for Muslim extremists in the East and West. His writings played a life-and-death part in his abandoning of extremism. Pre-9/11 Radical Before the bombing in September 11, Hamza had expressed some radical Islamist sentiments on various occasions. He praised the composition of Muslims being the threat to society. He argued that the threat was geared towards fighting against the inhumanity and injustice in the society. He argued that they were non to fight against the jihad. He depicted the American culture as spreading the diseases such as AIDS and cancer. In 1995, Hamza rallied against Judaism. They believed that God became biased in calling Jews in Mt. Sinai and that the rest of the people in the world are rubbish. He condemned the Jewish religion and regarded it as a racist one. He criticised Christian s for associating themselves with Jews, yet they rejected God and crucified Him.2 In 1996, Hamza described US as a country with so little to be proud of, both in the present and past. He compared his reverence for Islam with the democracy in America. In his comparison, he said that he was an American citizen by birth and not by choice, and he resides in the country, not by choice but by the conviction of spreading Islamic messages in America. He argued that he became a Muslim since he never believed in false gods of the society. He believed that convention resolutions were mindless Masonic exercises used by men to ensure that nothing changes. From Jamil al-Amin to George Bush In 2001, Hamza talked of fundraising for the legal defence of Jamil al-Amin in Irvine. He combined the praise for al-Amin with the pugnacious attacks on the United States. He portrayed US as a country plagued with anti-Muslim conspiracies. He praised the courage of al-Amin and condemned the acts of the govern ment that aimed at silencing him. He also claimed of below the belt trial and life sentencing of Omar Abdel-Rahman, after he conspired to kill the former President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, as well as plotting to bomb the Holland and Lincoln tunnels. He criticised US for commit racism. He hinted on a catastrophe hitting US, and true to his words, the 9/11 terrorist attack happened. His tone dramatically shifted where he denounced jihadists by warning Muslims not to emulate them. He condemned the act saying that it was pure murder and not holy war. Closet Radical or Newborn Moderate Hamza

International Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

International Financial Management - Essay Exampleveral risks associated with the social, economical and political characters of the estate, in which the investment is proposed to be made, as these go away have a direct bearing on the growth and profitability of the firm concerned. Hence the firm should undertake a comprehensive analysis of completely the related issues and decide on the investment. In the given instance the company JMC Plc is considering an investment proposal to produce and market sportswear in Egypt. This paper envisages presenting a detailed report on the country risk analysis of Egypt with respect to the proposed investment and also the economic arguments for and against the foreign direct investments from different standpoints.The purpose of the state Risk Analysis report is to provide an in-depth critical information and analysis on the trade environment in the different countries. The risk factors associated with a country may be analysed in terms of itsT he political environment is characterised by an extremelystrong executive and many areas, such as interior, defence, and justice, are removed parliamentary review and control. Business Anti-Corruption Portal Though the government run by Hosni Mubarak appears to be stable, there is an all round inefficiency crept in the judicial and public service sectors. This shows a negative outlook for the proposed investment in the country. In general redundant labour has led to low marginal productivity. This has also caused overlap job responsibilities which raises the cost of conducting the business to the producers and the investors.Business Anti- Corruption Portal reports Businesses are likely to encounter corruption in meetings with public offices, as officials in non-homogeneous government departments are known for bribery, embezzlement and tampering with official documents. On average, companies report to spend 8 % of sales on unofficialpayments to get things done.For example, 27 % o f companies claim that taxinspectors expect gifts

HR Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HR Management - Essay ExampleEven though man hooey and machine are some of the essential resources needed for an organization, mobilization or effective utilization of these resources is possible only with the help of the human resources. Cross heathenish business or externalist business is growing day by day because of the huge popularity of the globalization, liberalization and privatization policies. All the countries realized the importance of foreign head up investments in their economic growth. Many of the big organizations which faced saturation in their home country are currently trying to exploit the opportunities in international market and as a result of that international business is growing rapidly today. The growth of international business brought many new challenges to organizations and the confabulation riddle is one among them. Human resource management department is responsible for formulating necessary strategies needed to avoid communication problems in int ernational business. Culture and communication plays a vital role in international business and hence the training given to an employee/ manager before an overseas assignment must target cultural and communicational differences between the native country of the employee and the target country. When organizations move into foreign markets they must adapt to communication, culture and human resource issues. Domestic business and international businesses have more differences than similarities. It is easy to start a business in the home country whereas it is difficult to take a crap a business in a foreign country because of the difficulties in communicating with different stakeholders in the foreign country. This paper briefly analyses different communication problems faced by companies while mesh in international business and the HRM strategies needed to overcome it. Before the establishment of business in another country, the entrepreneur must know some prefatory facts about the target country. The political, social, cultural, legal and economical aspects of the target country could be entirely different from that of his home country. For example, suppose an the Statesn company is trying to establish a business unit in China. China is a communist country whereas America is a democratic country. English is the official language of America whereas that of China is Mandarin. The Chinese economy is developing at a much faster rate than that of America. Human rights and freedom of expression are less valued topics in China whereas these things are extremely important in America. There are many other areas in which America and China vary drastically and the HRM strategies should account for all these differences before establishing a business unit in China. David A Victor (2009) has proposed his famous LESCANT model for knowing more about the communication issues in international business. According to him Language, Environment, Social organizations, Contexting, Authority, Nonverbal communication means, Time concepts etc of different countries are different (Victor) In America, English is the official language whereas in China, it is Mandarin. The importance of language in the communication process cannot be neglected while formulating HRM strategies in international context. If communication is the body of an organization, then language is the telephone line of it. In an organizational set up, communication can take place between the organization and the

Case assignment cultural Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case assignment pagan Identity - Essay Example2. To what extent do you think heathen beliefs, values, and traditions may impact health education efforts? Please provide examples of negative and positive impacts that apply to the case studies from the video.Cultural beliefs, values and traditions play a life-or-death role in the health-care setting. As emphasized in the National Transitions of Care Coalition (NTOCC) (n.d.), health care professionals increasingly recognize the crucial role that horticulture plays in the healthcare of a client or patient and the need to deliver services in a culturally competent manner (p. 1). Therefore, the baron of health care professionals to educate the patients on the most effective intervention would depend on the ability to communicate messages that accommodate understanding cultural beliefs, values, and traditions.In the case studies from the video, the good cross-cultural patient communication scenario clearly depicts that the following el ements assist in effective efforts for health education (1) eliciting information on the cultural remedies (2) demonstration of acceptance of patients flocks (3) accommodating the health beliefs of patients (4) explores understanding of the cultural impact and (5) empathizes and supports the patients perspectives and cultural views (University of Michigan Lesson 1, 2010).On the different hand, the bad cross-cultural patient communication scenario exemplified negative impacts on health education and cultural competence (1) not demonstrating acceptance of patients view (2) not eliciting information on cultural remedies (3) not accommodating health beliefs and (4) not empathizing and supporting the patients perspectives and cultural views (University of Michican Lecture 2, 2010).Based on the video, one would suggest to health professionals who want to improve their cross-cultural communications

Little Richards Influence on Rock N Roll History Essay Example for Free

pocket-sized Richards Influence on Rock N Roll History EssayRock and roll symphony emerged as a part of the Statesn teen culture during the notably conservative time period in the coun supplys history which before long followed the traumatic events of World War II. Being that the genres target audience was sporty teenagers, many Americans- already overwhelmed and on-edge due to the anti-communist movement inspired by the Cold War- were apprehensive about the influence that this up-and-coming style of music might have on their countrys future.Americas youth openly accepted rock and rolls racially integrated culture of performers and embraced the relatively lewd nature of many songs and performances associated with the genre, much to the dismay of their elders. Richard Wayne Penniman (better know by his stage name, olive-sized Richard) had an important influence on the history of rock and roll music because of his unconventional stage presence and explicit sexuality. Artist s such(prenominal) as Little Richard aggressively pushed the envelope, defied social norms and generated controversy.Richard, along with a few fellow pioneers, helped to define rock and roll in its early years, and paved the substance for rock and rollers of future generations. Pennimans movement leftover an everlasting impression on the musical genre and culture that is rock and roll. Considering the time in Americas history during which Little Richard appeared on the rock and roll scene, it is completely appropriate to attribute much of his fame and influence to his unconventional stage presence.The rising popularity of goggle box during the 1950s fundamentally changed the music industry by presenting artists with an entirely new way to market themselves (or be marketed). Being televised meant that the overall direct and presence of an artist played a more than crucial role in stimulating audiences the focus of listeners was no longer solely the sound of the music being prod uced. prior(prenominal) to T. V. , music fans were only able to enjoy the sounds of their favorite artist by way of radio and the purchasing of records.In many cases, this meant that if a fan had never seen a live performance or record-jacket photo of a particular artist, its possible that they had never seen said artist at all and have only a general idea (if any) of what that artist looked like. As television sets became an increasingly popular household item for middle-class American families, live performances sour a new importance for performers of rock n roll music, and individual artists and vocal roups sought to cultivate visual characteristics or mannerisms that would set them apart from others and encourage listeners to remember them but no performer in the early years of rock n roll was as visually flamboyant as Little Richard, (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). A fans perception of an artist or group became subject to their opinion of the overall image of the perfo rmance.At this point in time, listening to the music of a completely respectable, clean cut, well dressed African-American was still considered inappropriate by a sizeable portion of white American partnership- particularly those living in the South and those beyond their teenage years. Many of these people were hesitant to accept racial integration, and tended to proceed cautiously when (or, more appropriately, if) they chose to do so.These are the same people that were unrightfully, but understandably, so frightened by performers like Little Richard. In order to differentiate himself from other bikers of the time, Richard usually wore heavy make-up and sported his famous pompadour hair style. As a former drag queen, Richard was fully aware of the type of reaction his look would draw from audiences its the reaction he hoped to receive.Though, at the time, society as a whole was unsure of how to react to the statement his image do, the ambiguity of Little Richards sexual identity paved the way for the image of performers such as David Bowie, Elton John, and Prince, (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). Just in case his eccentric outward style was not enough to gain the rebuke of parents across the nation, Little Richard put on an absolutely wild stage performance which included dramatic marrow rolling and his simultaneous hip gyrating and piano playing.In order to dance and play piano at the same time, Little Richard stood (not sat) in front of the instrument- in time another feature of his performance that was specific to him. Little Richard aimed to gain the attention of his fans by creating an entirely original and exciting performance act. In order to do so, Richard created an image that was totally outside of societys definition of normal, respectable, and safe. His image was only half of his act, though.Its unlikely that there were many respectable white, American parents around in the 1950s that were comfortable with the idea of Little Richard havi ng any type of influence over the generation deemed the future of their country, much less over their specific children. If there had been anyone left straddling that fence, however, contemplating just how harmful a 24-year-old performer with a whacky haircut and face full of make up could really be, it would be safe to assume that they had never actually heard the man sing.The lewd, scandalous lyrics that completed Little Richards unorthodox self-presentation would have provided the final push that arrive the aforementioned fence straddler on the opposite side of Richards performance, and confirmed the popular idea that rocks musical characteristics indicated a general disapprove in American taste, (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). While teenagers danced to the sounds of the modified twelve-bar blues accompanying Richards shouting vocal style and countertenor whoops, parents instinctively cringed in disapproval of the blatantly suggestive lyrics.Hit songs by Little Richard suc h as Tutti-Frutti, (Penniman, 1955) and Long Tall Sally, (Penniman, 1956) contained lyrics that were generally non-specific, but overall relatively sexual for the time. Richards scandalous appearance, behavior, and song lyrics embodied a sexual tension that managed to both intrigue teenage audiences, and inspire fellow performers. It is this same sexual tension that made society at large not only generally uncomfortable, but also concerned about what other ludicrous notions rock and roll would try to impose upon American culture in the future.Little Richard used rock and roll as a platform to rattle the cages of the music industry, and change societys concept of what was acceptable, what was normal, and most of all what was popular. It was Richards unique image and abrasive song content that simultaneously intrigued and shocked American society in the early 1950s. American teenagers of this time appreciated the power of Little Richards performance and embraced Little Richard as the new spirit of rock and roll.Unfortunately, in 1957 Richard denounced his work and joined the churchclosing his most creative period, (Oxford University Press). Although the momentum of his influence eventually slowed, it never quite stopped. Rock and roll performers such as Jerry Lee Lewis, the Beatles, and the American Creedence Clearwater Revival all provide examples of music inspired by the work of Little Richard, proving the power of his influence and solidifying the lasting impression that he left on rock and roll.

Victors act Essay Example for Free

Victors act EssayIn Frankenstein, many issues are raised concerning sciences interference with nature. Today, scientists are approach path increasingly close to being able to clon a military man being using genetic engineering. Dolly, the first cloned sheep is proof that we have the technology to clone mammals. From Frankenstein we can learn that creating new life is a massive responsibility and ultimately is wrong, because it is impossible to imagine the problems that might arise. In this situation the novel is flat more relevant today, because in 1818 cloning was only a dream, and now it is closer to reality than ever before. Through surface the novel Frankenstein there is a pervading root of the quest for knowledge, which still continues today. Victor attempts to surge beyond accepted human limits and access the secret of life, just as many genetic scientists are essay to do today. Likewise, Walton attempts to surpass previous human explorations by endeavouring to reach the North Pole. This ruthless pursuit of knowledge proves dangerous, as Victors act of creation results in the goal of everyone dear to him, and Walton finds himself perilously trapped between sheets of ice.I think that although we may have the knowledge to do something, it doesnt mean that we must do it, if it has moral or other implications. For example we know how to make a nuclear bomb, but should we ever use it? Another issue that the novel raises is the issue of moral responsibility. We train to care for humanity as a whole, not just ourselves. We in the rich West have money food and shelter while those in other lands such as Ethiopia are starving.In these modern times, we also have a responsibility to care for and sustain the environment, not to abuse the authorise of nature. This is in contrast to the deforestation of Amazon Rainforests in Brazil, where millions of trees are cut start every day for the Western worlds timber and paper needs. We are as yet more aware of t he damage to our environment now because of the scientific progress we have experienced since Shelleys day. Frankenstein refuses to take moral responsibility for his creation. Today, people emphasis their rights over their responsibilities.Perhaps even more than in Shelleys time, we need to encourage moral responsibility in our individualistic society, where most people seems to be looking out only for themselves. Another final issue raised by the novel is the issue of outrage. An example of prejudice is anti-Semitism prejudice towards Jewish people. Anti-Semitism was a tenet of Nazi Germany, and in the Holocaust 1933-45 about 6 million Jews died in concentration camps and in local extermination pogroms, such as the military blockade of the Warsaw ghetto.In Eastern Europe, as well as in Islamic nations, anti-Semitism still exists and is spread by neo-fascist groups. In spite of the globalization of our world, through air travel, TV and the Internet, since Shelleys day, we still ha ve many examples of prejudice and discrimination against those of different appearance, colour, race, intelligence, sex, age from ourselves. Throughout the novel, the monster is rejected and exiled because of his appearance, when deep down he was an intelligent, thoughtful and emotional being.No one could see past his horrific appearance to reveal his personality and thoughts. To be a victim of prejudice is demeaning and makes the person feel worthless. Despite this, the Monster fights on, trying to befriend people until he finally gives up and decides that the best thing to do would be to die. This type of attitude and feeling is something that people should not have to deal with in such a multi-cultural world we live in, for we are all human beings.

Foreign pronunciation Essay Example for Free

Foreign pronunciation EssayIn his book Foreign Accent The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonology, Roy C. writes that first language transport is very influential and one of the most important components at the beginning stages of foreign language acquisition. (p. 31) At this point the scientist implies learning phonology, which usually takes place at the beginning of the course of a foreign language study. Another researcher, Trubetzkoy, stresses that the perception of the foreign language is filtered through the sieve of a learners fret tongue. (From Roy 2001, p. 31)In phonology this filter resultes in producing an accent, which drew the pronunciation of the foreign language near the pronunciation of the mother tongue. The examples terminate be found in adopting incline pronunciation all around the world a French accent may be recognizable from word final stress patterns and uvular /R/ a German accent by the lack of /w//v/ distinctions a Spanish accent by the r hythmic characteristics and lack of vowel sound reduction an American accent by the /r/ and marked vowel reduction and a Japanese accent by the lack of r//1/ distinctions. (From Roy 2001, p. 31)According to Weinreich (1953), there are different types of negative transfer in phonology. The researcher Weinreich proposes to differentiate the following seven types Sound Substitution. It occurs when a learner uses the nighest equivalent of his/her mother tongue to pronounce a sound of the foreign language. For instance, English sounds /? ? / are usually mispronounced by foreign learners. Spanish learners substitute them with alveolar consonant /? ?/, French pronounce /s z/ instead of them Hindi speakers use their retroflex /? ?/ (although Hindi also has similar sounds / ? ?/).Phonological Processes. This concerns all allophones and allophonic processes. For example, German learners of English have a tendency to devoice the final voiced consonants hat instead of had, bik instead of big . English speakers, in their turn, are more likely to use a velarized or dark l for final clear l in French or Spanish row eel il instead of. il il he, 1 el instead of el el he. Underdifferentiation. It takes place, when a learner misses some differentiations in foreign sounds due to the fact that his/her native language does not have these differentiations.For instance, English has /i/ and /? /, but French learners usually use one /i/ for both English /? / and /? / can be pronounced as one /? / by a Portuguese speaker. Over-differentiation. This process is opposite to what under-differentiation is. In the case of over-differentiation the native language of a learner contains differentiations, which do not exist in the foreign language. Though, as Weinreich points out, over-differentiation does not lead to some gross phonetic mistakes, it results in a different mental representation. (From Roy 2001, p. 32)To instance over-differentiation, Roy C. brings the following examples Engl ish /d/ and /? / are separate phonemes whereas in Spanish they are allophones (/d/ ? after vowels). An English speaker thinks of the d in dia day as a different sound from the ? in nada nothing, whereas the Spanish speaker thinks of them as one sound, because they are allophones of the same phoneme. (From Roy 2001, p. 32) Reinterpretation of Distinctions. It is related with the theory, which divides features into primary and secondary, or distinctive and redundant.For example, in American variant of English the qualitative tense/lax distinction is primary and the quantative is secondary. Native English speaker does not even consider the length of sounds, but the sound i in common beet and bit result never be confused. In contrast, length in German linguistic process is primary and their quality is secondary, as it is seen in bieten bit? n to offer, and bitten bit? n to ask. Consequently, a German learner will think that in English talking to beet and bit the length is mo re important that the quality of the vowel. Phonotactic Interference.This process takes place when a learner modifies syllable and word structures in the foreign language in invest to fit the patterns in his/her native tongue. For example, Brazilian Portuguese very often pronounce the words ping pong and picnic like pingi pongi and pici nici because the syllables in can not be placed at the end of Brazilian words. Prosodic Interference. It takes place, when a learner substitutes prosodic patterns in the foreign language with those of his/her mother tongue, in spite of the fact that the prosodic patterns of the both languages are completely different.Thus, a French student would incorrectly stress the last syllables in English words because in his/her native language all the words have the last syllables stressed. An English student can pronounce Chinese sentences using English pitch contour patterns. As the book Foreign Accent The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonolog y states, the finding of Weinreich, and all the similar ones, help to predict the areas which will cause difficulty in learning a foreign language.Weinreichs differentiation of negative transfer types prompted other researches on the same topic. Thus, Moulton (1962) presents error types (from Roy 2001, p. 33), base on the linguistic and socio-linguistic contrasts between English and German. According to Moulton, while learning a foreign pronunciation, students make the following types of errors phonemic errors phonetic errors allophonic errors distributional errors