Victors act Essay Example for Free

Victors act EssayIn Frankenstein, many issues are raised concerning sciences interference with nature. Today, scientists are approach path increasingly close to being able to clon a military man being using genetic engineering. Dolly, the first cloned sheep is proof that we have the technology to clone mammals. From Frankenstein we can learn that creating new life is a massive responsibility and ultimately is wrong, because it is impossible to imagine the problems that might arise. In this situation the novel is flat more relevant today, because in 1818 cloning was only a dream, and now it is closer to reality than ever before. Through surface the novel Frankenstein there is a pervading root of the quest for knowledge, which still continues today. Victor attempts to surge beyond accepted human limits and access the secret of life, just as many genetic scientists are essay to do today. Likewise, Walton attempts to surpass previous human explorations by endeavouring to reach the North Pole. This ruthless pursuit of knowledge proves dangerous, as Victors act of creation results in the goal of everyone dear to him, and Walton finds himself perilously trapped between sheets of ice.I think that although we may have the knowledge to do something, it doesnt mean that we must do it, if it has moral or other implications. For example we know how to make a nuclear bomb, but should we ever use it? Another issue that the novel raises is the issue of moral responsibility. We train to care for humanity as a whole, not just ourselves. We in the rich West have money food and shelter while those in other lands such as Ethiopia are starving.In these modern times, we also have a responsibility to care for and sustain the environment, not to abuse the authorise of nature. This is in contrast to the deforestation of Amazon Rainforests in Brazil, where millions of trees are cut start every day for the Western worlds timber and paper needs. We are as yet more aware of t he damage to our environment now because of the scientific progress we have experienced since Shelleys day. Frankenstein refuses to take moral responsibility for his creation. Today, people emphasis their rights over their responsibilities.Perhaps even more than in Shelleys time, we need to encourage moral responsibility in our individualistic society, where most people seems to be looking out only for themselves. Another final issue raised by the novel is the issue of outrage. An example of prejudice is anti-Semitism prejudice towards Jewish people. Anti-Semitism was a tenet of Nazi Germany, and in the Holocaust 1933-45 about 6 million Jews died in concentration camps and in local extermination pogroms, such as the military blockade of the Warsaw ghetto.In Eastern Europe, as well as in Islamic nations, anti-Semitism still exists and is spread by neo-fascist groups. In spite of the globalization of our world, through air travel, TV and the Internet, since Shelleys day, we still ha ve many examples of prejudice and discrimination against those of different appearance, colour, race, intelligence, sex, age from ourselves. Throughout the novel, the monster is rejected and exiled because of his appearance, when deep down he was an intelligent, thoughtful and emotional being.No one could see past his horrific appearance to reveal his personality and thoughts. To be a victim of prejudice is demeaning and makes the person feel worthless. Despite this, the Monster fights on, trying to befriend people until he finally gives up and decides that the best thing to do would be to die. This type of attitude and feeling is something that people should not have to deal with in such a multi-cultural world we live in, for we are all human beings.

Foreign pronunciation Essay Example for Free

Foreign pronunciation EssayIn his book Foreign Accent The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonology, Roy C. writes that first language transport is very influential and one of the most important components at the beginning stages of foreign language acquisition. (p. 31) At this point the scientist implies learning phonology, which usually takes place at the beginning of the course of a foreign language study. Another researcher, Trubetzkoy, stresses that the perception of the foreign language is filtered through the sieve of a learners fret tongue. (From Roy 2001, p. 31)In phonology this filter resultes in producing an accent, which drew the pronunciation of the foreign language near the pronunciation of the mother tongue. The examples terminate be found in adopting incline pronunciation all around the world a French accent may be recognizable from word final stress patterns and uvular /R/ a German accent by the lack of /w//v/ distinctions a Spanish accent by the r hythmic characteristics and lack of vowel sound reduction an American accent by the /r/ and marked vowel reduction and a Japanese accent by the lack of r//1/ distinctions. (From Roy 2001, p. 31)According to Weinreich (1953), there are different types of negative transfer in phonology. The researcher Weinreich proposes to differentiate the following seven types Sound Substitution. It occurs when a learner uses the nighest equivalent of his/her mother tongue to pronounce a sound of the foreign language. For instance, English sounds /? ? / are usually mispronounced by foreign learners. Spanish learners substitute them with alveolar consonant /? ?/, French pronounce /s z/ instead of them Hindi speakers use their retroflex /? ?/ (although Hindi also has similar sounds / ? ?/).Phonological Processes. This concerns all allophones and allophonic processes. For example, German learners of English have a tendency to devoice the final voiced consonants hat instead of had, bik instead of big . English speakers, in their turn, are more likely to use a velarized or dark l for final clear l in French or Spanish row eel il instead of. il il he, 1 el instead of el el he. Underdifferentiation. It takes place, when a learner misses some differentiations in foreign sounds due to the fact that his/her native language does not have these differentiations.For instance, English has /i/ and /? /, but French learners usually use one /i/ for both English /? / and /? / can be pronounced as one /? / by a Portuguese speaker. Over-differentiation. This process is opposite to what under-differentiation is. In the case of over-differentiation the native language of a learner contains differentiations, which do not exist in the foreign language. Though, as Weinreich points out, over-differentiation does not lead to some gross phonetic mistakes, it results in a different mental representation. (From Roy 2001, p. 32)To instance over-differentiation, Roy C. brings the following examples Engl ish /d/ and /? / are separate phonemes whereas in Spanish they are allophones (/d/ ? after vowels). An English speaker thinks of the d in dia day as a different sound from the ? in nada nothing, whereas the Spanish speaker thinks of them as one sound, because they are allophones of the same phoneme. (From Roy 2001, p. 32) Reinterpretation of Distinctions. It is related with the theory, which divides features into primary and secondary, or distinctive and redundant.For example, in American variant of English the qualitative tense/lax distinction is primary and the quantative is secondary. Native English speaker does not even consider the length of sounds, but the sound i in common beet and bit result never be confused. In contrast, length in German linguistic process is primary and their quality is secondary, as it is seen in bieten bit? n to offer, and bitten bit? n to ask. Consequently, a German learner will think that in English talking to beet and bit the length is mo re important that the quality of the vowel. Phonotactic Interference.This process takes place when a learner modifies syllable and word structures in the foreign language in invest to fit the patterns in his/her native tongue. For example, Brazilian Portuguese very often pronounce the words ping pong and picnic like pingi pongi and pici nici because the syllables in can not be placed at the end of Brazilian words. Prosodic Interference. It takes place, when a learner substitutes prosodic patterns in the foreign language with those of his/her mother tongue, in spite of the fact that the prosodic patterns of the both languages are completely different.Thus, a French student would incorrectly stress the last syllables in English words because in his/her native language all the words have the last syllables stressed. An English student can pronounce Chinese sentences using English pitch contour patterns. As the book Foreign Accent The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonolog y states, the finding of Weinreich, and all the similar ones, help to predict the areas which will cause difficulty in learning a foreign language.Weinreichs differentiation of negative transfer types prompted other researches on the same topic. Thus, Moulton (1962) presents error types (from Roy 2001, p. 33), base on the linguistic and socio-linguistic contrasts between English and German. According to Moulton, while learning a foreign pronunciation, students make the following types of errors phonemic errors phonetic errors allophonic errors distributional errors

Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics History And Development Biology Essay

Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics History And Development Biology EssayThe hemp give halter sativa, versatile establish named by Swedish phytologist Linaeus in 1735 originated in Central Asia has been wide distrisolelyed around the world. The earliest use of the do drugs has been known to be in existence since 700 BC in Assyrian tablets drug finding its place even in the British Pharmaceutical Codex, as late as 1949(G. Geoffrey, W. Brain and R. Philip2004). marijuana is an annual dioecious developing from seed, dissipated growing plant which reaches the maturity in 60 days. It has a lance shaped leaflets with saw tooth edge with woody angular hairy stem with a height of 50 ft or more. Cannabis indica is smaller subspecies it a height of 4 feet some separate varieties argon obtained by crossing rout outnabis sativa and halter indica.Cannabis is used as psychoactive drug. Around 20 million people in USA and Europe and many other social occasion of world use canna bis on a regular basis although consumption is illegal in most of the countries. The psychoactive ingredient of cannabis is delta-9-tetra hydrocannabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol). Cannabis is also known by the names like marijuana, hashish, charas, bhang, ganga and sinsemilla among this hashish and charas are most potent with THC content 10 20%. High tightfistedness of THC can be found in the fine droplets of sticky resin produced by glands at the base of the fine hairs that coats leaves and flower heads (J. Robert,A primer of drug Action 1998). soma 1 Cannabis sativa (http//ja.treknature.com)Fig 2 Cannabis tincture (http//www.medicalmarijuanacure.com)History and Development of CannabisFig 3 (M.D. Vincenzo 2006)Chemistry of THCChemical structure of THC was elucidated in 1964 thereafter many chemical analogues have been synthesized and tested.Phenolic hydroxyl group(C-1) is for cannabiniol exertion, side chain(C-9) is important as potency can be increased by increase in chain lengt h, also methyl group substitution at side chain carbon next to aromatic ring and northern aliphatic hydroxyl group enhances the exertion of THC.THC was isolated during the world war II from red oil fraction of cannabis and other optically active comp one and only(a)nt isolated was cannabidiol. ( G. Geoffrey, W. Brain and R. Philip2004)Fig 4 Structures of delta-9-tetra hydrocannabinol(THC)IUPAC Name ()-(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzocchromen-1-olMolecular weight 314.45 daltons.Formula C21H30O2Pharmacology (Cannabiniod sense organ)First cannabinoid receptor was identified in 1990 which lead to further studies. In central nervous system cannabinoid receptor are found in G-proteins with seven transmembrane spanning segments which are strongly expressed in basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus, at higher concentration expressed on afferent spinal cord regions and at lower concentrations at head teacher stem it has a chain of 473 amino acids w ith a hydrophobic domain (B. David, P. Gareth, G. Gavin, and T. Alan 2003).Second receptor (CB2) is expressed by leucocytes and in haemopoeitic development. Endocannabiniods have cannabinoid receptor binding activity and function of the endocannabinoid system is to regulate synaptic neurotransmission. First endocannabiniod was observed in 1992 by De new wave and co-workers from porcine brain which was anandamide it showed behavioural, hypothermic, and analgesic effects similar to that of cannabinoids many other are found in central nervous system (CNS) but exact physiological roles are not yet know ( L.A.Matsuda, S.J. Brownstein, et al1990).Fig 5 CB expression on brain.(B. David, P. Gareth, G. Gavin, and T. Alan 2003)PharmacodynamicsEffects of THC on CNS studies shows impairment in learning, psychomotor performance and associative processes. Heavy users showed impairment in attention and amotivational syndrome with chronic use of marijuana(R.I. Block, R. Fairnpour, and K.Braverman19 98). Commonly seen physiological effects on cardiovascular system are increased blood pressure, touchwood rate with change mouth, dizziness and slight nausea(H.G.Pope and D.Yurgelun-Todd1996). Long-term use leads to immunosuppression of repellent system, also Cannabiniod receptors inhibit intracellular adenylate cyclase second-messenger system resulting into decrease spleen cell liberation on immune response and increase the susceptibility of infections or disease. Chronic use results into reduction in fertility and sexual potency in the individual.( P.A. Fried1995). THC readily passes through placenta and affects the new born with visual perception, language comprehension and frequent memory loss. ( M.A. Huestis, A.H. Sampson, B.J. Holicky, et al1992)PharmacokineticsMost commonly cannabis is taken by dope which is through inhalation followed by rapid absorption from lungs into the bloodstream though bioavailability is less (10-27%).Oral validation has plasma levels much lower compared to Intra-venous infusions and inhalation this is due to premiere pass metabolism in the liver resulting in to poor bioavailability. Bioavailability is higher by sublingual and rectal administration. Cannabinoids are lipophilic in nature (log Kow=7.4) and gets widely distributed in brain, kidney, liver and fat with steady release in the blood,90% of cannabinoids are bound to plasma proteins and 10% to red blood cells( M. Wahlqvist, M.I. Nilsson, F. Sandberg, S1970). Phase I metabolism of cannabinoids is catalysed by cytochrome P450 in liver with oxidase system. Majority of THC metabolites are excreted in faeces (65%) and rest in urine through glucuronide conjugates (M. Bornheim and A. Correia1989).Tolerance and dependenceThe long known use of the drug has not really given a clear scientifically proven picture that the drug or the derivatives of the plant are beneficial for therapeutic purposes (A. Duffy and R. Milin 1996). Although there are no severe dependency problems, on the hind side, the toxic nature of Cannabinoids, has also seen increased heart rate, lowering of blood pressure, euphoric intoxication and toxic psychosis resulting from a loss of cognitive performance. Extensive clinical trials over the years have seen the drug cosmos classified into lesser harmful categories, classified into Schedules from 1 to 3, with 3 being of least harm (C. P. OBrein 1995).Funded by Medical Research Council, the research includes testing on 660 patients over a time period of 3 years. Another research involves 400 patients who would be treated with different forms of cannabis plant and compared with conventional analgestics. The trails are supported by nations like UK, USA, Switzerland, Germany with each country supplying the distinct Cannabis extracts. Another trial in UK is for treatment of multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders and use a sub-lingual spray as the method of drug delivery. Each of the manufactured extract needs to comply with the Good Manufacturing Practice(s) that oversees selection of plant material, solvent used, and the entire processing itself. (C. P. OBrein 1995).Analytical MethodsInitial screening of drug of abuse is generally carried out by immunoassay and confirmation of the results is done utilize chromatographic methods. Radioimmunoassay is generally used for detection cannabinoids in the biological samples. Gas chromatography (GC) is most frequently used analytical method to analyse product but due to decarboxylation during the analysis in neutral forms determination of acidic cannabinoids is not possible. High speed liquid chromatography (HPLC) method used for determination of composition of cannabinoids is one of the efficient and the simplest way to elucidate major cannabinoids but overlapping of peaks is a concern (Y. Ruiqin, X. Wenlin2006). Though combination of mass spectroscopy and HPLC rectifies errors due to overlapping of peaks and combination of HPLC/GC can produce effective anal ysis. (B. Benjamin, D. Benjamin, L.Pierre, T.Laetitia, D.Nathalie, D.Lies, V. Alain, H. Philippe, C.Corinne,Innovative 2009).Fig 6 GC chromatogram of a standard solution of D9-THCA-A analysed(F.E. Dussy et al 1996)Fig 7 HPLC chromatogram of THC save at 220nm(F.E. Dussy et al 1996)Small amount of sample can be reused with simple operation using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) to study cannabinoids followed by GC/MS for stub molecule confirmation and determination presence of THC in saliva and hair using SPME-GC/MS can be determined (F.E. Dussy et al1996).LC-IT/MS is used for quantification and conformation of various cannabinoids in a single method though this method is cost effective so use is limited.(A.A.M. Stolker, J. van Schoonhoven, A.J. de Vries, I. Bobeldijk-Pastorova, W.H.J. Vaes, R. van den Berg2004)LegalizationThe legal position held on this drug is still in a state of confusion with no conclusive turn up on the actual therapeutic effects it has. Many countries have softened their stand on the punishment for possession of cannabis, with Netherlands going to the extent of decriminalizing soft drugs in 1976. Belgium followed suit, with the clause that it should not lead to social nuisance, risks and problematic consumption. The USA took a U turn to prohibit the drug due to not enough march after certain states allowed the use of the drug for medicinal purposes. Canadian law allows the usage of drug for exceptional cases of patients with prior support from the medical practitioner.Due to its activity on the nervous system, the drug has primarily been used in medicinal treatment of muscle spasms, menstrual cramps, rheumatism, tetanus convulsions, rabies and epilepsy with the current day applications being witnessed in treatment of anorexia, bronchial asthma, epilepsy, glaucoma, hypertension, muscle spasticity, nausea, vomiting and pain. But these applications have just fetched two licensed cannabinoids for medicinal purpose THC (Marinol) and Nab ilone, both of which are synthetic (A.C.Moffat 2006).ConclusionThe Cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa.) is used as recreational drug with a long historyand is a part of traditional practice of medicine from the past. The relatively recent discovery of cannabinoid receptors and the human endocannabinoid system has opened up a new and exciting field of research. Bioavailability is obtained by rectal and sublingual administration and rapid absorption takes place with intra-venous and inhalation. But despite the potential, cannabis is categorized as a narcotic drug it is prevented to develop into modern medicine. Dependence and dependance to this drug is quite rare. Psychoactive cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has received great attention, and much is known about its biological effects and mechanisms of action, analytical methods, pharmacokinetics, and structure-activity relationships, it will be a challenge to see cannabis as a routine medicine for various disorders.

Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES)

Coalition for environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES)Coalition for environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES), a non-profit organization was founded in 1989. Its objectives include encouraging ethical and sustainable commercial enterprise pr identification numberices and promoting investment policies which be environmentally, socially and financially sound. It has created a group of worlds largest companies and investors who are responsible to take care of the environmental issues. 100-plus companies and many Fortune 500 concernes like- oecumenic Motors, Polaroid, Body Shop International, Bank of America, are engaged with wrap up for supporting clean energy policies and maintaining a strong climate. Financial organizations and Environmental groups like sierra Club are members with wrap up (Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES), 2016).cere aims at reservation companies understand the concerns of the planets future. Meeting the sustainable challeng es of the 21st century is important on with running business. Ceres whole kit on making the environment more sustainable and therefore it follows all the laws that comes under the Environmental Laws and Regulations of the U.S. government.Ceres rightsOn the trace of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill that happened in the Gulf of Alaska in March 1989, Ceres came up with its core Ten Principles. These principles aim to protect the earth, its energy and resources wisely geld waste and doing business in fair manner. The principles and its aspects are as follows (The Ceres Principles , n.d.)Laws supported by Ceres-thither are several issues addressed by U.S. Environmental Protection assurance(EPA). Some of them include- limitation on air pollutants, enforcement of clean water and laws on safe drinking. EPA works for implementation of these federal laws so that the environment does not get affected by business practices. Ceres works along with EPA in implementation of the laws.The INCR Policy Working Group an initiative by Ceres focuses on five different areas of policy engagementIts members collaborate with other investor groups, including the European IIGCC, the Australian/New Zealand IGCC, the Asian AIGCC, UN PRI and UNEP-FI, to support the Strong temper and neat Energy Policy among the investors worldwide.Its members also support the policies which promote clean and low carbon fuel sources, improving integrated Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, and drop-off of greenhouse gas emissions which happen by transportation activities. INCR members also support research reports which show the investment case for such policies.Under the Clean transmit Act, the EPA has proposed an arrangement of noteworthy controls that will lessen air emissions, help the economy and make occupations. Financial specialists have signed letters and met with Congressional staff to tackle implementation of the Utility Mercury and Air Toxics Standard, the Cross State Air Pollution Rule and the Carbon Pollution Standard for Future Power Plants.The Ceres Roadmap to Sustainability, organizations are relied upon to adjust publicly disclosed arrangement positions on atmosphere and energy issues with the approaches they advocate through their lobbying and political expenditures.Its members bolster a scope of approaches at the state and government level, for example, the Production Tax Credit for refreshable vitality, the California AB32 climate and Clean Energy Program and the Regional Greenhouse Gas chess opening (RGGI).Ceres makes sure companies and investors follow the strong climate and Clean energy policies in the US and abroad.One of the CEOs of Ceres- Mindy S. Lubber joined U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1995. She joined it as a senior policy advisor and has achieved recognition as a regional administration under President appoint Clinton in 2000. She has also been a president at former National Environmental Law Center. Her efforts include-Organ izing waste removal at hazardous waste sitesRedevelopment, new jobs and urban revitalizationProtection of drinking water supplies (2016 William K. Reilly Award Winners Announced, n.d.).Ceres along with WWF assembled a group of 100 large companies which supported the Paris mode Agreement. It also supports the Clean Power Plant which was an initiative by Obama administration. Ceres strongly supports Clean Air Act( stage business Is Taking Action on LGBT Rights. Will Climate Change Be Next?, n.d.).In the Six Proactive steps that Ceres has do for insurance companies, for addressing the climate change, it mentions about the Greenhouse gas emission, in favor of Federal and International Policies which limit its emissions. It addresses the threat of change in the climate because of carbon pollution (Insurance, n.d.).Laws opposed by Ceres-Ceres mostly works for sustaining the environment and limiting business practices for better future. It supports laws that relate to maintaining environ ment standards. Therefore, there arent many laws that are being opposed by Ceres. Rather there are a couple of them which are addressed as below.It opposed the Presidents and Congressional Leaders abandoning of Methane rule and the Clean Power Plant. Ceres believes that these laws were made to support the environment. There are many companies that has made an agreement in support of the law. And so, Ceres does not want such laws to get abandoned.It also shows its disagreement with the Presidents two-for-one executive gild which requires deletion of two federal regulations against any one issued.Ceres impact on business-Ceres major goal lies in influencing business and its practices which affect environment. It has made many huge contributions which has helped business to follow the standards and become effective in their practices. The contributions by Ceres which impacted companies include-Investor Network on Climate Risk (INCR), 2003- works on leadership and accomplishments on cl imate and sustainability of financial firms.Launched the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) for corporate reporting on environment, social and economic performancesLaunched the Climate solutionLaunched Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy (BICEP)Ceres made an evaluation of its member companies and found that most of them have adopted policies based on International norms and fewer companies have adopted sector-specific policies. In the evaluation, most frequent instituted policies include those related to bribery and corruption and elimination of discrimination along with overall sustainability of environment. Companies which adopted the international standards like International Labor Organization(ILO) and United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), show understanding of sustainability issues and are committed in implementing changes in their business (Corporate Policies and Management Systems, n.d.).Ceres influence on legislative process-Ceres resolved an issue on United P arcel Service (UPS)s Lobbying Disclosure. It laid down points which the haoma of UPS requires to disclose in their report. Indirect lobbying and Grassroots lobbying communication are the points covered under the solution. These points include efforts at the local, state and federal levels.Along with this, we already sawing machine that Ceres has laid down its core 10 principles which are in favor of environmental protection. Business and stakeholders adhere to these aspects and make sure that they are abide by the rules related to these policies. It tracks shareholders resolutions and considers the following issuesClimate changeCarbon asset riskGreenhouse gas emissionWater pollution and scarcity unexclusive policyAir pollution methane emissionProxy voting policiesHuman rightsThe shareholders make such resolutions. This ensures that they make proper implementation of the laws. On studying the resolutions, the legislatures quarter make laws that depend upon the environmental stan dards.Ceres 3-year plan-Ceres has presented a Road map on Sustainability which covers Governance for sustainability, Stakeholder Engagement, Disclosure, Performance Operation, Supply Chain, Transportation and Logistics, Product and Services, Employees.The Roadmap chance on corporate policies and management systems measures the extent to which companies embed sustainability into decision-making.Encourage organizations to receive a more expansive way to deal with recognizing and speaking with stakeholders, including engagement on a more extensive topic.The disclosure separate layout the attributes of a way to deal with revelation that meets the new and rising difficulties on corporate sustainability.The operation segment enhances sustainability across their operations, including building and facilities management, water management, the elimination of waste and respect for human rights.Sustainable supply chain performance expects establishing supplier policies and endorsing industry codes or practices containing evident references to social and environmental standards.Transportation and logistics include reducing transportation impacts which are focused on the architecture of the transportation network, including distances traveled and specific transportation modes, including the sustainability enfranchisement of the energy sources used. This section also looks at business travel and commuting practices and the role that companies can take in shaping employee behavior.Sustainable solutions for products and services should be that they are marketed and delivered in a sustainable way. Proper communication of the usage and consumption pattern.Improved recruitment and retention rates, employee morale and productivity, and lower healthcare be should be crucial for companys employees in order for sustainable performance (The Ceres Roadmap for Sustainability Ceres, n.d.).Ceres aims at transferring the way corporations integrate environmental and social risks into their decision-making. By 2020 Ceres wants major companies which re its members to attain these standards. The areas in which more companies should come forward include Product and Services and Supply Chain. Ceres looks forward in making greater attempts at helping companies in achieving the goals of sustainable environmental business practices.Mind-MapCeres an organization works majorly in line with the International Laws on Environmental protection. It supports U.S. laws as well about certain policies. Ceres helps implementation of the following laws of Unites States Federal Environmental Statutes-Clean air actClean water actEmergency planning and community right to know actEnergy policy actNational environmental policy actResources conservation and recovery actReferences(n.d.). Retrieved from 2016 William K. Reilly Award Winners Announced http//www.american.edu/spa/cep/news/2016_Reilly_Award_Winners.cfmBusiness Is Taking Action on LGBT Rights. Will Climate Change Be Next? (n.d .). Retrieved from Business Is Taking Action on LGBT Rights. Will Climate Change Be Next? Ceres https//www.ceres.org/press/press-clips/business-is-taking-action-on-lgbt-rights.-will-climate-change-be-nextCoalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES). (2016, november 24). Retrieved from Encyclopdia Britannica https//www.britannica.com/topic/Coalition-for-Environmentally-Responsible-EconomiesCorporate Policies and Management Systems. (n.d.). Retrieved from Corporate Policies and Management Systems Ceres https//www.ceres.org/roadmap-assessment/about/roadmap-expectations/governance-for-sustainability/policies-and-management-systemsInsurance. (n.d.). Retrieved from Insurance-Ceres https//www.ceres.org/industry-initiatives/insuranceThe Ceres Principles . (n.d.). Retrieved from The Ceres Principles- Ceres https//www.ceres.org/about-us/our-history/ceres-principlesThe Ceres Roadmap for Sustainability Ceres. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Ceres Roadmap for Sustainability Ceres h ttps//www.ceres.org/roadmap-assessment

Schrodinger Was A Genius Philosophy Essay

Schrodinger Was A Genius Philosophy EssayThe task isnot so much to see what no one has yet seen but to think what zip has yet thought, about that which everybody sees. Erwin Schrodinger. Schrodinger was an intelligent man who worked in each fields of science. In his work with atoms, he had changed and improved the atomic model as they knew it.statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, color and its perception, the general opening of relativity, unified field theory, particle physics, philosophy, the history of science, molecular genetics, and, especially, quantum mechanics-the multifaceted genius Erwin Schrodinger studied and contributed to all these fields in the ahead of time 20th century and earned half of the 1933 Nobel Prize in physics for his major accomplishment in quantum mechanics, the Schrodinger equality. He even invented a cat that have the amazing property of being alive and dead at the same time. The proverbial nine lives of an ordinary cat pale in comparison (Rosen) .Erwin Rudolf Josef black lovage Schrodinger was born on August 12, 1887, in Vienna, Austria, to Rudolf and Emily Schrodinger (Rosen). His father was a well working chemist, painter and botanist, who owned an oilcloth factory. Schrodingers father, Rudolf Schrodinger, ran an oilcloth factory, but his true passions were painting and botany (Oakes). check to Rosen, Until age 10, Erwin was school dayed at home, where he learned to speak both German and English, as both languages were spoken there. In 1898, he entered gymnasium (equivalent to high school in the United States). There he excelled in all fields but disliked the classes that required rote memorization. For example, Erwin loved physics, mathematics, and Latin grammar, which are all strictly logical, while he hated memorizing dates and facts. He grasped the physics and mathematics material right away, without doing any homework, and was easily able to solve problems in them straightaway after class. After graduating from t he Akademische Gymnasium in Vienna in 1906, Schrodinger entered the University of Vienna, where he first developed an interest in theoretical physics under the tending of Friedrich Hansenohrl. Upon receiving his Ph.D. in 1910, Schrodinger took a position at the universitys Second Physics Institute as a laboratory assistant to the experimental physicist Franz Exner (Oakes).Schrodinger was an expert in many an(prenominal) fields, an atomic theory was one of them. He said electrons are to miniscule and move to fast to describe exactly where they are. (Brainhoney 4.04) He said that the electrons move somewhat a given shape, a cloud. A powerful model of the atom was developed by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. Schrodinger combined the equations for the carriage of waves with the de Broglie equation to grant a mathematical model for the distribution of electrons in an atom. The advantage of this model is that it consists of mathematical equations known as wave functions that satisfy the r equirements placed on the behavior of electrons. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to imagine a physical model of electrons as waves (chemed.chem.edu.purdue).The fundamental equation of wave mechanics. It describes the wave function of a particle such as an electron. There is a time-dependent Schrodinger equation and a time-independent Schrodinger equation. The time-independent Schrodinger equation is used to calculate energy levels and wave functions of quantum-mechanical systems such as atoms, molecules, solids, and nuclei. In three dimensions the time-independent Schrodinger equation is , where is the Laplace operator, m is the mass of the particle, E is its total energy and V is its potential energy. The Schrodinger equation was put forward by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926 and solved by him for the atomic number 1 atom. The equation is not exactly solvable for any other atomic and molecular system. In general, approximation techniques and/or the use of computers are needed to recover accurate solutions to the Schrodinger equation for systems with more than two particles (Rennie). Also, besides working with atoms, Schrodinger had developed another theory called Schrodingers cat. He suggested a closed niche containing a standard of radioactive material, a tube of cyanide, and a cat. The apparatus was to be constructed so that decay of a nucleus ejected a particle, which activated a mechanism to educate the tube of cyanide. After a certain time, if a nucleus had decayed the cat would have died if not the cat would still be alive. Schrodinger pointed out that, fit to our way of interpreting quantum mechanics, the nucleus had neither decayed nor not decayed until an observation was made, and it followed that the cat was neither dead nor alive until someone opened the box and observed it (Rennie).Schrodinger was a genius, and has not had his model disproven yet, for science cannot look deeper into the atom currently. The difficulty that Schrodinger wa s showing is this as long as quantum behavior is confined to the atomic and subatomic worlds, it works superbly and people must and can accept it. But quantum mechanics should also apply to the macroscopic world, the world of cars, cakes, and cats. Yet the macroscopic world does not exhibit quantum behavior. Schrodinger was on to something very deep, as this problem is still under investigation (Rosen). Schrodinger also tried his hand at the theory of relativity, which was unsuccessful. He studied electromagnetism and relativity and tried his hand, unsuccessfully, at a unified field theory, an whim that Einstein was working on at the time. (Rosen)Erwin Schrodinger was a person of many interests, into which he was capable of delving deeply. His many contributions to human culture were mostly in physics, but also in such near and remote fields as color perception, biology, history, and philosophy. Schrodinger inspired others to develop ideas and make their own contributions in vario us fields. His most important achievement was the Schrodinger equation, for which he shared the Nobel Prize. The idea for which he is best known beyond the physics and chemistry communities is surely Schrodingers famous alive-and-dead cat, which continues to haunt the thoughts of physicists and philosophers to this very day. (Rosen) Schrodingers own words best describe his archetype genius The task is, not so much to see what no one has yet seen but to think what nobody has yet thought, about that which everybody sees.

William Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Shakespeare Antony

William Shakespeares Antony and CleopatraThe triple pillar of the world transformed/Into a strumpets fool. Behold and see (I.1.12). I wee eyes upon him (III.6.61). Shakespeares Antony invites speculation and a greedy voyerism that piece of tail only be instigated by a athletic supporter who, despite perpetually being at the centre of discussion, manages to elude classification.This impression of opacity of character is enhanced by the fact that his own idea of himself and of his refractory infatuation with Cleopatra is constantly mutating. Antony oscillates between wishing Would I had never seen Cleopatra (I.2.253), and admitting IthEast my pleasure lies (II.3.41). One moment he wails I have fled myself ... I have lost command (III.11.7, 23), the next he reassures himself with a mantra-like repetitiveness, Theres hope int yet ... Theres sap int yet (III.13.175, 191). When the protagonist himself is never static, when the other characters define him in accordanc e to their own agendas or morbid curiosity, there is truly little for the audience to hold onto in the way of tangible evidence of one mental state as opposed to another. This common body, like to a vagabond flag upon the stream,/Goes to and back, lackeying the varying tide,/To rot itself with motion (I.4.44) Caesar says this about the tendency of the masses to wish for the ruler who isnt in power or is seen less, and hence when he does come into the limelight, to lose interest and want someone else. But taken out of context, these lines are a disturbingly appropriate depiction of Antonys state throughout the play. For he is discussed and prodded as if he were common property, and shifts continuously between du... ...ity and littleness, an admission of his own weaknesses. The vagueness of Sometimes we see a cloud thats dragonish,/A vapour sometime like a bear or lion, ... That which is now a horse, even with a thought/The rack dislimns, and makes it indistinct/As water is in water is juxtaposed against the profoundly personal, intrspective lines Here I am Antony,/Yet cannot hold this visible shape (IV.14.3-22). The result is the feeling that whether he has fallen or not, whether the Roman way is better than the Egyptian, whether the old Antony is a myth, his own self-disgust and deflated sense of self remains. Perhaps that is the closest we can expect to get to the real Antony the one he reveals when in the throes of self-doubt. Perhaps that is all we deserve to uncover for as Dantes Virgil would say, the desire to hear others dispute is a base desire (xxx.148).

The Burgess Story Essay -- Paleontologists Science Scientists Essays

The Burgess boloneyI dont like to say bad things about fossilists, but theyre really not very adept scientists. Theyre more than like stamp collectors.- Luis Alvarez, Physics Nobel Laureate - Luis Alvarez evidently had some very definite ideas about what a exhaustively scientist does, and it is curiously telling that such a comment decreases from a physicist. What could Alvarez have had in mind when he made this remark? He may have been make a mental likeness of the nestle commonly used in physics -- that of laboratory experimentation -- with the way the study of paleontology is conducted, A paleontologist is very much a historian -- someone who is involved in the reconstruction of past events ... based on narrative evidence of their own odd phenomena (Gould 278). In Alvarezs eyes then, good science is characterised by the experimental approach of experiment, quantification, repetition, prediction, and restriction of complexity to a few variables that can be controlled and manipulated (Gould 277). This seems to me too limit a definition. Such an approach can hardly be used in fields such as paleontology, which study the occurrence of one-off events such as evolution. In cases such as these, what standards can we use to determine whether something is admissible as good scientific practice? Philosophers of science such as Karl Popper and doubting Thomas Kuhn have each come up with their own ideas of what constitutes good science. Can they perhaps shed some light on other(a) possible definitions of good science? Can these other definitions of good science be generalised to all disciplines of science? Popper and Kuhn have proposed strictly theoretical ideas -- It remains to be seen whether a concrete example of scientific resear... ...se pressures? The critenia for good science is jmportant so that the scientist remembers not to cave in to these pressures, and the layperson remembers that scientists can be fallible. Works Cited Gould, Stephen Jay. Won derful livelihood The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. unexampled York W.W. Norton, c1989. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1970. Kuhn, Thomas S. Logic of Discovery or Psychology of research? Criticism and the growth of experience proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, London, 1965. Vol 4. Eds. hnre Lakatos, Alan Musgrave. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1970. Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and refutations the growth of scientific knowledge. London Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963. Feymnan, Richard P. Cargo Cult Science The Burgess Story Essay -- Paleontologists Science Scientists EssaysThe Burgess StoryI dont like to say bad things about paleontologists, but theyre really not very good scientists. Theyre more like stamp collectors.- Luis Alvarez, Physics Nobel Laureate - Luis Alvarez evidently had some very definite ideas about what a good scientist do es, and it is especially telling that such a comment comes from a physicist. What could Alvarez have had in mind when he made this remark? He may have been making a mental comparison of the approach commonly used in physics -- that of laboratory experimentation -- with the way the study of paleontology is conducted, A paleontologist is very much a historian -- someone who is involved in the reconstruction of past events ... based on narrative evidence of their own unique phenomena (Gould 278). In Alvarezs eyes then, good science is characterised by the experimental approach of experiment, quantification, repetition, prediction, and restriction of complexity to a few variables that can be controlled and manipulated (Gould 277). This seems to me too narrow a definition. Such an approach can hardly be used in fields such as paleontology, which study the occurrence of one-off events such as evolution. In cases such as these, what standards can we use to determine whether something is ad missible as good scientific practice? Philosophers of science such as Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn have each come up with their own ideas of what constitutes good science. Can they perhaps shed some light on other possible definitions of good science? Can these other definitions of good science be generalised to all disciplines of science? Popper and Kuhn have proposed strictly theoretical ideas -- It remains to be seen whether a concrete example of scientific resear... ...se pressures? The critenia for good science is jmportant so that the scientist remembers not to cave in to these pressures, and the layperson remembers that scientists can be fallible. Works Cited Gould, Stephen Jay. Wonderful Life The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York W.W. Norton, c1989. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1970. Kuhn, Thomas S. Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research? Criticism and the growth of knowledge proce edings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, London, 1965. Vol 4. Eds. hnre Lakatos, Alan Musgrave. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1970. Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and refutations the growth of scientific knowledge. London Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963. Feymnan, Richard P. Cargo Cult Science